A high-throughput liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for the simultaneous quantification of -cresol sulfate, -cresol glucuronide, indoxyl sulfate, and indoxyl glucuronide in HepaRG culture medium and the demonstration of mefenamic acid as a potent and selective detoxifying agent.

Background: -cresol and indole are uremic compounds which undergo sulfonation to generate the highly toxic -cresol sulfate (CS) and indoxyl sulfate (IxS). They are also subjected to glucuronidation to produce the less toxic -cresol glucuronide (CG) and indoxyl glucuronide (IG). We developed and validated an assay to quantify these metabolites in HepaRG cells.

Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analytical Methods for the Quantitation of -Cresol Sulfate and Indoxyl Sulfate in Human Matrices: Biological Applications and Diagnostic Potentials.

Indoxyl sulfate (IxS) and -cresyl sulfate (CS) are toxic uremic compounds with documented pathological outcomes. This review critically and comprehensively analyzes the available liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods quantifying IxS and CS in human matrices and the biological applications of these validated assays. Embase, Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched until December 2023 to identify assays with complete analytical and validation data (N = 23).

The search of potential inhibitors of the AcrAB-TolC system of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli: an in silico approach.

The number of infections caused by multidrug antibiotic resistance (MDR) species is increasing globally. The efflux pump system, AcrAB-TolC, confers Escherichia coli resistance to many antibiotics and results in poor treatment outcomes. Different rational drug design techniques were employed to search for a safe and effective AcrAB-TolC system inhibitor.