Sensorineural hearing loss among children at risk: A 16-year audiological records review in a tertiary referral center.

Objectives: Hearing loss (HL) constitutes an increasing worldwide health problem. Neonatal hearing screening improved early detection and management to alleviate HL detriments on the person and society. Still, HL in childhood, beyond infancy, is under-investigated, especially in developing countries.

Effects of embryonic thermal manipulation on the immune response to post-hatch challenge in broiler chicken.

Background And Aim: Thermal manipulation (TM), exposure to mild heat shock during embryogenesis, which is a critical developmental period of broiler chickens, improves tissue stability, oxidative stress response, and immune response during heat stress. Thermal manipulation could be more cost-effective than other methods to boost the immune response. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of TM during embryogenesis, concomitant with an challenge, on body weight (BW), body temperature (T), and splenic mRNA expression of cytokines (Interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-15, IL-16, IL-18, and interferon [IFN]-γ) in poultry.

Impact of Sustained Exogenous Irisin Myokine Administration on Muscle and Myocyte Integrity in Sprague Dawley Rats.

Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine implicated as a fundamental mediator of physical activity benefits. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the chronic administration model of irisin on the physiological and molecular status of skeletal muscle. A total of 20 female Sprague Dawley rats (250 ± 40 g) were implanted with an irisin-loaded osmotic pump (5 µg/kg/day) for 42 days; in addition, 3 females received a single subcutaneous injection of irisin (5 µg/kg).

The Role of Interventional Irisin on Heart Molecular Physiology.

Irisin, encoded by the FNDC5 (fibronectin type III domain containing 5) gene, is a novel myokine that has been implicated as an essential mediator of exercise benefits. Effects of irisin on heart physiology is still ambiguous. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of exogenous administration of irisin on heart physiology and the pharmacokinetic profile of pump-administered irisin.

Dynamics of heat shock proteins and heat shock factor expression during heat stress in daughter workers in pre-heat-treated (rapid heat hardening) Apis mellifera mother queens.

Honeybees have a limited capacity to control their body temperature when exposed to thermal changes in the atmosphere. Environmental changes, such as thermal climate change, have an adverse effect on honeybee survival. Insects can be pre-heat-treated (rapid heat hardening) with a mild heat stressor to induce Hsp gene expression and protect them from future stresses.

Molecular and morphometric changes in the small intestine during hot and cold exposure in thermally manipulated broiler chickens.

Background And Aim: Thermal stress (hot or cold) is one of many environmental stressors that severely affects the health of broiler chickens. One negative effect of thermal stress is the disruption of the intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of thermal manipulation (TM) on the small intestine in terms of histomorphometry as well as junctional, heat-shock, and immune response gene expression during post-hatch exposure to thermal stress.

Optimal therapeutic adropin dose intervention in mice and rat animal models: A systematic review.

Background And Aim: Adropin is a hormone encoded by the gene, which is associated with energy homeostasis. Preclinical studies using animal models have shown that adropin plays a role in enhancing glucose homeostasis and dyslipidemia. Lately, several studies on animal models have been performed to examine the therapeutic and pathophysiological effects of adropin in many disorders.

Effects of fake and original perfumes on the presence, numbers, and distribution of mast cells in selected tissues in rats.

Background: Perfumes, whether original or fake, are considered of great economic value. However, overzealous use of perfumes could be associated with local or systemic side effects.

Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of daily use of original and fake perfumes on numbers and distribution of mast cells in several organs and tissues of Wistar rats.

New SARS-CoV-2 Variant from Jordan.

A variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from Jordan was identified during the second wave of infection. The genome of this variant has a unique set of mutations that suggest local evolution. Due to the continuous emergence of new variants worldwide, molecular surveillance is crucial for fighting the pandemic.

The optimal therapeutic irisin dose intervention in animal model: A systematic review.

Background And Aim: Irisin, a novel myocyte-secreted hormone, was proposed to mediate some of the beneficial effects of exercise such as browning of adipocytes, thermogenesis, and metabolic homeostasis. Recently, several animals' models' studies have been performed to investigate the therapeutic impact of irisin in several disorders. Several interventional trials used different doses.

Establishment of reference intervals of selected blood biochemical parameters in Shami goats.

Background: Reference intervals (RIs) of various blood biochemical parameters are used in assessing the clinical health and nutritional status of animals. Blood biochemical analyte RIs are not currently available in Shami goats.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the RIs of selected blood biochemical analytes in Shami goats.

High-resolution melting curve analysis for infectious bronchitis virus strain differentiation.

Background And Aim: Belonging to the family, avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes respiratory, reproductive, and renal diseases in poultry. Preventative measures lie mainly in vaccination, while the gold standard for IBV classification and differentiation is based on the sequence analysis of the spike 1 (S1) gene. In this study, we tested a new assay for IBV strain classification that is less expensive and requires reduced time and effort to perform.

Effects of thermal manipulation of eggs on the response of jejunal mucosae to posthatch chronic heat stress in broiler chickens.

In this study, the aim was to investigate effects of chronic heat stress (CHS) on the mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]), toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4), heat shock proteins (Hsp70, heat shock transcription factor [HSF]-1, and HSF3) and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, NADPH oxidase, and superoxide-dismutase) in the jejunal mucosae of broiler chickens subjected to thermal manipulation (TM) during embryogenesis. TM was carried out at 39°C and 65% relative humidity (RH) for 18 h daily from embryonic days 10 to 18. Control group was incubated at 37.

HSF3 and Hsp70 Expression during Post-Hatch Cold Stress in Broiler Chickens Subjected to Embryonic Thermal Manipulation.

Decades of selective breeding for commercial purposes have rendered the broiler chicken () highly susceptible to heat and cold stress. A multitude of studies have documented the effects of thermal manipulation (TM) on broiler thermotolerance during periods of post-hatch heat stress, but very few have focused on the effect of TM on a broiler's ability to withstand cold stress. Therefore, the primary objective of the current study is to determine the effects of TM on the acquisition of thermotolerance in broilers via their expression of the stress-associated 70 kilodalton heat shock protein () gene and heat shock factor 3 () gene.

Embryonic Thermal Manipulation Affects the Antioxidant Response to Post-Hatch Thermal Exposure in Broiler Chickens.

Thermal stress is a major source of oxidative damage in the broiler chicken () due to the latter's impaired metabolic function. While heat stress has been extensively studied in broilers, the effects of cold stress on broiler physiologic and oxidative function are still relatively unknown. The present study aimed to understand how thermal manipulation (TM) might affect a broiler's oxidative response to post-hatch thermal stress in terms of the mRNA expression of the catalase, NADPH oxidase 4 (), and superoxide dismutase 2 () genes.

Effect of Acute Heat Stress on the mRNA Levels of Cytokines in Broiler Chickens Subjected to Embryonic Thermal Manipulation.

Heat stress significantly impacts the immunity and cytokine expression of chickens. However, the effects of embryonic thermal manipulation (TM) on cytokine expression in broiler chickens (broilers) is unclear. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of TM on the splenic mRNA expression dynamics of certain cytokines-namely, IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-8, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, and IL-18-in broilers during subsequent exposure to acute heat stress (AHS).

Thermal manipulation of the broilers embryos: expression of muscle markers genes and weights of body and internal organs during embryonic and post-hatch days.

Background: In broilers chickens, the molecular bases for promoting muscle development and growth requires further investigation. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effects of daily thermal manipulation (TM) during embryonic days (ED) 12 to 18 on body, carcass and internal organ weights as well as on the expression of muscle growth markers genes during late embryogenesis and post-hatch days. 1500 fertile Cobb eggs were divided into five groups.

Expression of digestive enzyme and intestinal transporter genes during chronic heat stress in the thermally manipulated broiler chicken.

Heat stress has a serious impact on nutrient digestion and absorption in broiler chickens. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic heat stress (CHS) on the mRNA expression of digestive enzymes and nutrient transporter genes in thermally manipulated (TM) broiler chickens. The evaluated genes encompassed pancreatic lipase, trypsin, amylase, maltase, and alkaline phosphatase as well as certain glucose transporter (GLUT2, SGLT1), amino acid transporter (y+LAT1, CAT1), and fatty acid transporter (FABP1, CD36) genes in the jejunal mucosa.

Basal and dynamics mRNA expression of muscular HSP108, HSP90, HSF-1 and HSF-2 in thermally manipulated broilers during embryogenesis.

Background: Limited data are available about the kinetics of mRNA expressions of Heat shock proteins (HSPs) and heat shock factors (HSFs) in the thermally manipulated (TM) broiler chicks during acute heat stress. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate effects of thermal manipulation (TM) of broiler chicken during embryonic days (ED) 12-18 on the basal and dynamics mRNA expression of heat shock proteins (HSP108 and HSP90) and heat shock factors (HSF-1 and HSF-2) in the muscle tissue during late embryogenesis, first week of life and during heat stress (HS) on post-hatch days 14 and 28. One thousand and five hundred fertile Ross 315 broiler eggs were randomly allocated to five groups: control group (37.

Effects of pre-hatch thermal manipulation and post-hatch acute heat stress on the mRNA expression of interleukin-6 and genes involved in its induction pathways in 2 broiler chicken breeds.

In response to heat stress, interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression is upregulated in broiler chickens. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the cumulative effects of thermal manipulation (TM) and subsequent acute heat stress (AHS) on the mRNA expression of IL-6 and genes involved in its induction pathways. The studied genes include IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, TLR2, TLR4, NFκB50, NFκB65, Hsp70, and HSF3 in the spleen and liver tissues.

Effect of thermal manipulation of broilers embryos on the response to heat-induced oxidative stress.

Effects of embryonic thermal manipulation (TM) on mRNA expressional levels and total antioxidant capacity of genes associated with heat-induced oxidative stress (NOX4, GpX2, SOD2, catalase, and AvUCP) in 2 breeds of broiler chicken were investigated. Fertile Cobb and Hubbard eggs (n = 1,200) were divided into 4 treatment groups: Cobb control, Cobb TM, Hubbard control, and Hubbard TM. Control groups were maintained under standard conditions (37.

Thermal manipulation during broiler chicken embryogenesis increases basal mRNA levels and alters production dynamics of heat shock proteins 70 and 60 and heat shock factors 3 and 4 during thermal stress.

This study investigated the effects of thermal manipulation (TM) during embryonic days 12 to 18 on the cloacal temperature (Tc) and the kinetics of muscle mRNA levels of heat shock proteins 70 and 60 (Hsp70 and Hsp60) and heat shock factors 3 and 4 (HSF3 and HSF4) during the first week of life and during thermal stress (TS). One thousand five hundred fertile chicken eggs were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group (37.8°C), TM1 (38.

Thermal manipulation during late embryogenesis: Effect on body weight and temperature, thyroid hormones, and differential white blood cell counts in broiler chickens.

The effects of thermal manipulation (TM) at 38.5°C and 40°C for 6 h at embryonic day (ED) 16, 9 h at ED 17, and 12 h at ED 18 on body weight (BW) and cloacal body temperature (T) during the first wk and later at post-hatch d 10, 14, 21, 28, and 42 were evaluated. Furthermore, chicks' ability to cope with a thermal challenge (TC; 41°C for 6 h) at post-hatch d 14 and 42 was also evaluated.