Cancer Biomarkers and Precision Oncology: A Review of Recent Trends and Innovations.

The discovery of cancer-specific biomarkers has resulted in major advancements in the field of cancer diagnostics and therapeutics, therefore significantly lowering cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Cancer biomarkers can be generally classified as prognostic biomarkers that predict specific disease outcomes and predictive biomarkers that predict disease response to targeted therapeutic interventions. As research in the area of predictive biomarkers continues to grow, precision medicine becomes far more integrated in cancer treatment.

The potential role of religiosity, psychological immunity, gender, and age group in predicting the psychological well-being of diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia within the Bayesian framework.

This study aimed to investigate the differences in Religiosity (R), Mental Immunity (MI), and Psychological Well-Being (PWB) in patients with diabetes due to gender and age group variables, and to detect the best predictors of PWB in diabetic patients within the Bayesian framework. The study was conducted from May 2022 to February 2023 on a random sample of 186 Saudis diagnosed with diabetes. After obtaining participants' consent, they completed three R, MI, and PWB scales.

Burden of Chronic Hemodialysis on the Ability to Work: Time for Action.

 Understanding the factors that contribute to unemployment will help in the design of creative resolutions to enable hemodialysis patients to return to a productive life.  We examined employment among 625 patients aged 18 to 60 years who were on hemodialysis in 8 dialysis units.  Overall employment was low among patients on chronic hemodialysis at 49.

Physicians' attitudes and confidence toward dementia care: A cross-sectional study at primary healthcare facilities in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Primary care physicians play an essential role in the health of older adults as they are frequently the first point of contact. Their positive attitude and knowledge influence the quality of care provided to patients with dementia and their caregivers. This study examined the attitudes of primary care physicians towards dementia care and their confidence in their own dementia-care skills.

Consanguineous Marriage and Its Association With Genetic Disorders in Saudi Arabia: A Review.

Consanguineous marriages, where spouses are related by blood, have been a longstanding practice in human history. The primary medical concern with consanguineous marriages is the increased risk of genetic disorders. When closely related individuals reproduce, there is a higher probability that both parents carry the same genetic mutation.

Acute gastroenteritis-related acute kidney injury in a tertiary care center.

Background: Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) can cause acute kidney injury (AKI) via hypoperfusion mechanisms. Early detection of AKI caused by AGE can significantly decrease mortality rates. In Saudi Arabia, studies investigating the association between AGE and AKI are limited; thus, we aimed to fill this knowledge gap.

Indirect-Neural-Approximation-Based Fault-Tolerant Integrated Attitude and Position Control of Spacecraft Proximity Operations.

In this paper, a neural adaptive fault-tolerant control scheme is proposed for the integrated attitude and position control of spacecraft proximity operations in the presence of unknown parameters, disturbances, and actuator faults. The proposed controller is made up of a relative attitude control law and a relative position control law. Both the relative attitude control law and relative position control law are designed by adopting the neural networks (NNs) to approximate the upper bound of the lumped unknowns.

Phytochemical Analysis, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of L. and Boiss. Essential Oils.

Essential oils (EOs) are chemical products produced by odoriferous glands from a variety of plants. These essential oils have many health benefits: antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. So due to these medicinal properties, the present study was designed to analyze essential oils of L.

and Essential Oils: Chemical Analysis, Antioxidant Potential and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic Activities, and Acute Toxicity.

The study of bioactive molecules of natural origin is a focus of current research. and are two medicinal plants widely used by the Moroccan population in the traditional treatment of several pathologies linked to inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the single and combined antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the essential oils extracted from these two medicinal plants, and also their potential toxicity.

Electronic early notification of sepsis in hospitalized ward patients: a study protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: To evaluate the effect of screening for sepsis using an electronic sepsis alert vs. no alert in hospitalized ward patients on 90-day in-hospital mortality.

Methods: The SCREEN trial is designed as a stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial.

Management of Knee Flexion Contracture in a Child With 3MC Syndrome Using Taylor Spatial Frame.

3MC syndrome is a rare genetic disorder inherited through an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern caused by mutations in one of three genes: , , and . High-arched brows, ptosis, blepharophimosis, hypertelorism, cleft lip, cleft palate, developmental delay, hearing loss, abdominal wall defect, and urogenital and skeletal abnormalities are all characteristics. In previous reports, involvement of knee flexion contracture was not known to be one of the 3MC syndrome symptoms.

Cytotoxicity, in vivo toxicity, and chemical composition of the hexane extract of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng.

Cancer is a universal health issue, and many anticancer therapeutic drugs have been isolated from natural products. This study analyzed the cytotoxic and apoptotic activity of Plectranthus amboinicus leaf hexane (PALH) extract in MDA-MB-231 (median inhibitory concentration [IC] = 39.26 μg/mL) and MCF7 (IC = 89.

Correlation between genetic variation in thymine DNA glycosylase and smoking behavior.

Cigarette smoking is a major lifestyle factor leading to different human diseases. The DNA repair gene, thymine DNA glycosylase, is important to cell survival because it stops cells from becoming cancerous protecting/preventing DNA. Exposure to CS may induce genetic changes such as single nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA repair genes.

Management of thoracic spine dislocation by total vertebrectomy and spine shortening: case report.

Introduction: The treatment of thoracic spine fracture-dislocations is now well established with the recent progress in spine surgery. Although most affected individuals have a degree of spinal cord injury (SCI), early surgical reduction, and stabilization of the unstable deformity allow an immediate program of rehabilitation. Vertebrectomy is considered as the last surgical technique reserved for the most persistent spinal deformities that cannot be brought to an acceptable correction with less invasive methods.

Family cluster of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

We describe the clinical and genetic characteristics of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in a family cluster in the western region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia diagnosed between 2012 and 2016. All cases had risk factors for tuberculosis acquisition and they were not household contacts of the index case. Genetic analysis detected both MDR-TB and pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (pre-XDR TB) strains in the index case and confirmed tuberculosis transmission between two cases.

Calendula arvensis L. as an anti-cancer agent against breast cancer cell lines.

Calendula arvensis L. is used in traditional folk medicine for the treatment of several diseases. Leaves, stems, and flowers of C.

Cross-border movement, economic development and malaria elimination in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Malaria at international borders presents particular challenges with regards to elimination. International borders share common malaria ecologies, yet neighboring countries are often at different stages of the control-to-elimination pathway. Herein, we present a case study on malaria, and its control, at the border between Saudi Arabia and Yemen.

The changing malaria landscape in Aseer region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: 2000-2015.

Background: In 2004, a revised action plan was developed, supported by the World Health Organization, to eliminate malaria from Saudi Arabia by preventing re-introduction of malaria into regions since declared malaria free, eliminating foci of transmission in the Mecca and Medina areas and a concerted effort of foci surveillance and control, to eliminate malaria from the regions of Jazan and Aseer. This paper provides the context, activities, progress, and possible contributions toward malaria elimination in the Aseer region since 2000, with a more detailed analysis of the spatial location of locally acquired case incidence since 2012.

Methods: This is a descriptive study of all available Ministry of Health surveillance data and process reports since 2000, with higher spatial resolution analysis of data between 2012 and 2015.

A biomechanical study of pediatric flexor profundus tendon repair. Comparing the tensile strengths of 3 suture techniques.

Objectives: To investigate the tensile strength of repaired flexor profundus tendons in young lambs, which would be equivalent to repairs in children older than 2 years of age.

Methods: A comparative in-vitro experimental study conducted at King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from October 2014 to December 2015. We utilized 30 flexor profundus tendons of young lambs with a width of 4 mm.

Severity of old world cutaneous leishmaniasis is influenced by previous exposure to sandfly bites in Saudi Arabia.

Background: The sandfly Phlebotomus papatasi is the vector of Leishmania major, the main causative agent of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Saudi Arabia. Sandflies inject saliva while feeding and the salivary protein PpSP32 was previously shown to be a biomarker for bite exposure. Here we used recombinant PpSP32 to evaluate human exposure to Ph.

Detection of high levels of anti-α-galactosyl antibodies in sera of patients with Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis: a possible tool for diagnosis and biomarker for cure in an elimination setting.

In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is mainly caused by Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica parasites. Diagnosis of CL is predominately made by clinicians, who at times fail to detect the disease and are unable to identify parasite species. Here, we report the development of a chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CL-ELISA) to measure the levels of anti-α-galactosyl antibodies in human sera.

A country on the verge of malaria elimination--the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Significant headway has been made in the global fight against malaria in the past decade and as more countries enter the elimination phase, attention is now focused on identifying effective strategies to shrink the malaria map. Saudi Arabia experienced an outbreak of malaria in 1998, but is now on the brink of malaria elimination, with just 82 autochthonous cases reported in 2012. A review of published and grey literature was performed to identify the control strategies that have contributed to this achievement.

Infants of diabetic mothers. A cohort study.

Objective: To determine the outcome of infants born to diabetic mothers at Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and compare the complications seen in these infants with infants of non-diabetic mothers.

Methods: This is a concurrent prospective cohort study of a population of newborn infants delivered at Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia for diabetic mothers between January 2011 and November 2011.

Results: A total of 601 infants were enrolled in the study consisting of 319 infants of non-diabetic mothers, and 282 infants of diabetic mothers.