Corrigendum: Camel proteins and enzymes: a growing resource for functional evolution and environmental adaptation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.

The synergy of artificial intelligence and personalized medicine for the enhanced diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.

Introduction: The completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003 marked the beginning of a transformative era in medicine. This milestone laid the foundation for personalized medicine, an innovative approach that customizes healthcare treatments.

Content: Central to the advancement of personalized medicine is the understanding of genetic variations and their impact on drug responses.

Camel Proteins and Enzymes: A Growing Resource for Functional Evolution and Environmental Adaptation.

In less agroecological parts of the Asian, Arabian, and African deserts, play an important role in human survival. For many years, camels have been employed as a source of food, a tool of transportation, and a means of defense. They are becoming increasingly important as viable livestock animals in many desert climates.

Diabetic Retinopathy as a Predictor of Angiographic Coronary Atherosclerosis Severity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most prevalent consequences of diabetes mellitus (DM). Much emphasis has been focused on the link between DR and cardiovascular disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, there is little information about the relation between the degree of DR and coronary atherosclerosis severity in Egyptian patients.

Bioinformatics of thymidine metabolism in Trypanosoma evansi: exploring nucleoside deoxyribosyltransferase (NDRT) as a drug target.

Trypanosoma evansi, the causative agent of surra or camel trypanosomiasis, is characterized by the widest geographic distribution and host range among the known trypanosomes. Its zoonotic importance and increasing evidence of drug resistance necessitate the discovery of new drug targets. The drug discovery process entails finding an exploitable difference between the host and the parasite.

Discovery of New Potent anti-MERS CoV Fusion Inhibitors.

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), capable of zoonotic transmission, has been associated with emerging viral pneumonia in humans. In this study, a set of highly potent peptides were designed to prevent MERS-CoV fusion through competition with heptad repeat domain 2 (HR2) at its HR1 binding site. We designed eleven peptides with stronger estimated HR1 binding affinities than the wild-type peptide to prevent viral fusion with the cell membrane.

Metabolic drug targets of the cytosine metabolism pathways in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) and blood parasite Trypanosoma evansi.

Trypanosomiasis is a major illness affecting camels in tropical and subtropical regions. Comparisons of camel and Trypanosoma evansi genomes can lead to the discovery of new drug targets for treating Trypanosoma infections. The synthesis pathways of cytosine, cytidine, cytidine monophosphate (CMP), cytidine diphosphate (CDP), cytidine triphosphate (CTP) deoxycytidine, deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP), deoxycytidine diphosphate (dCDP), and deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) were compared in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) and T.

Study on Genotyping Polymorphism and Sequencing of N-Acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) among Al-Ahsa Population.

One of the well-studied phase II drug metabolizing enzymes is N-acetyltransferase 2 () which has an essential role in the detoxification and metabolism of several environmental toxicants and many therapeutic drugs like isoniazid (antituberculosis, TB) and antimicrobial sulfonamides. According to the variability in the acetylation rate among different ethnic groups, individuals could be classified into slow, intermediate, and fast acetylators; these variabilities in the acetylation rate are a result of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding sequence of . The variety of acetylation status is associated with some diseases such as bladder cancer, colorectal cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes mellitus.

A pilot study of the antiviral activity of anionic and cationic polyamidoamine dendrimers against the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.

The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging virus that causes infection with a potentially fatal outcome. Dendrimers are highly branched molecules that can be added to antiviral preparations to improve their delivery, as well as their intrinsic antiviral activity. Studies on identifying anti-MERS-CoV agents are few.

Small Molecule Inhibitors of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Fusion by Targeting Cavities on Heptad Repeat Trimers.

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a newly emerging viral disease with fatal outcomes. However, no MERS-CoV-specific treatment is commercially available. Given the absence of previous structure-based drug discovery studies targeting MERS-CoV fusion proteins, this set of compounds is considered the first generation of MERS-CoV small molecule fusion inhibitors.

Analysis of preferred codon usage in the coronavirus N genes and their implications for genome evolution and vaccine design.

The nucleocapsid (N) protein of a coronavirus plays a crucial role in virus assembly and in its RNA transcription. It is important to characterize a virus at the nucleotide level to discover the virus's genomic sequence variations and similarities relative to other viruses that could have an impact on the functions of its genes and proteins. This entails a comprehensive and comparative analysis of the viral genomes of interest for preferred nucleotides, codon bias, nucleotide changes at the 3 position (NT3s), synonymous codon usage and relative synonymous codon usage.

In vitro and in situ inhibition of some food-borne pathogens by essential oils from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) spathe.

Essential oils extracted by hydro-distillation form date palm spathe (byproduct from date palm plants) were tested for their antibacterial activity against some food-borne pathogens. Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29243, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis ATCC 13076 and E.

The structural basis of unique substrate recognition by Plasmodium thymidylate kinase: Molecular dynamics simulation and inhibitory studies.

Plasmodium falciparum thymidylate kinase (PfTMK) showed structural and catalytic distinctions from the host enzyme rendering it a hopeful antiprotozoal drug target. Despite the comprehensive enzymologic, structural, inhibitory and chemical synthesis approaches targeting this enzyme, the elucidation of the exact mechanism underlying the recognition of the atypical purine substrates remains to be determined. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of a broad range of substrates and inhibitors as well as the inhibitory properties of deoxyguanosine (dG) derivatives were used to assess the PfTMK substructure molecular rearrangements.

Laparoscopy as a Primary Investigatory Tool in Pediatric Abdominal Masses.

Background: Management of abdominal masses still pose a major challenge for pediatrician and surgeons with many controversy as regards the best investigatory tools.

Aim Of The Work: This study was designated to evaluate the role of diagnostic laparoscopy in investigating equivocal pediatric masses that had undergone other imaging modalities.

Patients And Methods: A combined prospective and retrospective multicenter study over a period of 12 years from January 2005 to December 2016 was undertaken.

Reliability of sonoelastography in predicting pediatric cervical lymph node malignancy.

Purpose: Controversy exists as regards the best non-invasive diagnostic tool for pediatric cervical lymphadenopathy. The current work aimed to evaluate the reliability, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of sonoelastography in diagnosing benign and/or malignant pediatric cervical lymphadenopathy.

Methods: Prospective study took place over a period of 4 years from January 2013 to December 2016.

Molecular dynamics of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS CoV) fusion heptad repeat trimers.

Structural studies related to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS CoV) infection process are so limited. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out to unravel changes in the MERS CoV heptad repeat domains (HRs) and factors affecting fusion state HR stability. Results indicated that HR trimer is more rapidly stabilized, having stable system energy and lower root mean square deviations (RMSDs).

In silico comparisons between natural inhibitors of ABCB1/P-glycoprotein to overcome doxorubicin-resistance in the NCI/ADR-RES cell line.

To investigate compound-protein binding mode and molecular dynamic simulation of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), in silico studies were performed to compare 12 naturally occurring compounds using two softwares. The net results showed that piperine (PIP) had the best binding affinity. In vitro studies on doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant NCI/ADR-RES cells, known to express P-gp, showed that, dose-dependently, PIP significantly increased intracellular accumulation of rhodamine-123 and had cytotoxic effects accessed by MTT assay.

Protective mechanisms of resveratrol against methotrexate-induced renal damage may involve BCRP/ABCG2.

Resveratrol (RES) is a well-known polyphenol antioxidant. We have previously shown that testicular protective effect of RES against the anticancer drug methotrexate (MTX)-induced toxicity involves transporter-mediated mechanisms. Here, we investigated the effect of RES on MTX-induced nephrotoxicity.

Multi-drug resistance protein (Mrp) 3 may be involved in resveratrol protection against methotrexate-induced testicular damage.

Aims: To investigate the effect of resveratrol (RES) on methotrexate (MTX)-induced testicular damage.

Main Methods: RES (10mg/kg/day) was given for 8 days orally and MTX (20mg/kg i.p.

Bioenergetics and gene silencing approaches for unraveling nucleotide recognition by the human EIF2C2/Ago2 PAZ domain.

Gene silencing and RNA interference are major cellular processes that control gene expression via the cleavage of target mRNA. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2C2 (EIF2C2, Argonaute protein 2, Ago2) is considered to be the major player of RNAi as it is the core component of RISC complexes. While a considerable amount of research has focused on RNA interference and its associated mechanisms, the nature and mechanisms of nucleotide recognition by the PAZ domain of EIF2C2/Ago2 have not yet been characterized.

High frequency of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in patients with diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia.

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is becoming increasingly prevalent in patients with diabetes mellitus in the Middle East. We examined the relationship of these bacteria and their resistance mechanisms to the diabetic disease status of patients in Saudi Arabia. Susceptibilities of 271 isolates to carbapenems, tigecycline and colistin were determined, followed by detection of carbapenemase genes.

Effect of propetamphos on the male rats reproductive system.

The present study aimed at defining the testicular toxicity of propetamphos. Mature male albino rats (5-6 months old) were treated with propetamphos orally at doses of 0, 0.18, 0.

Fatal complication of percutaneous femoral vein catheterization in a hemodialysis patient.

Percutaneous femoral vein catheterization is a safe procedure to perform and major complications are rarely reported. WE present a case of death following such procedure in a chronic hemodialysis patient. This case is to emphasize the importance of taking utmost care during insertion of he catheter and not to underestimate the dangers of what may look like a minor tear in the vein when surgical exploration is needed.