Neobladder long term follow-up.

Unlabelled: One of the commonest forms of orthotopic bladder substitution for bladder cancer survivors, used in our institute, is the use of ileocecal segment. Sometimes, the need for Indiana pouch heterotropic continent diversion arises.

Aim: To compare the long-term effect of orthotopic ileocecal bladder and heterotropic Indiana pouch following radical cystectomy in bladder cancer patients.

Improving the detection limit of quantitative diagnosis of anti-S. haematobium antibodies using Falcon Assay Screening Test (FAST) ELISA by developing a new standard curve.

Immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis are currently based on parasitological examinations of stool and urine for egg detection, which is laborious and lacks sensitivity. There are many assays that detect the anti-schistosomal antibodies in patient sera. One of these assays is the Falcon assay screening test (FAST) ELISA that uses adult worm microsomal antigen for Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni, HAMA, MAMA antigen, respectively.

Characterization, cloning and expression of NS3 protein gene of hepatitis C genotype 4a.

Clone and express NS3 gene of the Egyptian strain ED43 of HCV genotype 4a in E. coli was studied. Gene and protein sequences of NS3 gene of the ED43 strain were first analyzed using PC/GENE program.

Identification, cloning and expression of core protein gene of hepatitis C genotype 4a.

Although Egypt has very high rates of HCV, not much is known about genotype 4a which is the most predominant genotype in Egypt. In the present study, core (C_ED43) gene of the Egyptian strain ED43 of HCV genotype 4a was first analyzed using PC/GENE program. Computer analysis of Core region of the isolate ED43 revealed that the Egyptian genotype 4a is different from those isolated from Europe and Central Africa and that it is closely related to genotype 1b.

T cells are depleted in HCV-Induced hepatocellular carcinoma patients: possible role of apoptosis and p53.

Egypt has possibly the highest Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) prevalence worldwide. A high proportion of HCV infections become chronic and lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The cellular and molecular mechanisms behind HCV infection complication are not completely understood although apoptosis has been implicated in this process.

Circulating adhesion molecules in patients with different clinical forms of S. mansoni infection.

Elucidating the mechanisms that regulate the severity of schistosomiasis has been a major research objective over the past several years. In this study, morbidity of S. mansoni infection was assessed using an ultrasonographic staging system of periportal fibrosis of the liver.

Cytokine secretion profile associated with periportal fibrosis in S. mansoni-infected Egyptian patients.

Periportal fibrosis (PPF) is a major pathological consequence of S. mansoni infection. Ultrasonography is a well-established tool for diagnosis and grading of schistosomiasis-related pathology.

Patients with papular urticaria have IgG antibodies to bedbug (Cimex lectularius) antigens.

IgG and IgE against salivary gland proteins of bedbug (Cimex lectularius) were assessed in comparison with mosquito (Culex pipiens) and flea (Pulex irritans) antigens in the sera of papular urticaria patients (group I), siblings without papular urticaria (group IIa), patients' parents (group IIb), and healthy controls (group III) (Immunoblotting). Anti-C. lectularius IgG was significantly recognized at 66 and 10 kDa in 40% of group I, besides others ranging from 45 to 107 kDa.

Exposure to hepatitis C virus induces cellular immune responses without detectable viremia or seroconversion.

Sporadic cases of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in persons exposed to hepatitis C (HCV) but evidently uninfected have been reported. To further define this, we measured CMI in individuals without evidence of HCV infection, that is, negative for HCV-antibodies (anti-HCV) and RNA, residing in a rural Egyptian community where prevalence of anti-HCV was 24%. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) measured by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay, confirmed by intracellular staining using flow cytometry, against HCV peptides was measured in seronegative individuals with high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) exposures to HCV.

Schistosoma infection inhibits cellular immune responses to core HCV peptides.

Patients coinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the trematode, Schistosoma mansoni, have an increased incidence of viral persistence and accelerated fibrosis. To investigate immunological mechanisms responsible for this more aggressive natural history of HCV, the core HCV-specific T-cell responses were analysed in 44 donated blood units rejected because they had antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV). Half also had anti-S.

Cloning and sequence analysis of genes encoding Fasciola hepatica immunodominant antigens.

Fasciola hepatica lambdagt11 cDNA expression library was immuno-screened with IPAb, two clones were isolated and identified as Fhlambda400 Fhlambda800. Both clones were sequenced, FhA400 contained 305 translated bases encoding 11.509 kDa and designated as SFh12, while Fhlambda800 contained 311 translated bases encoding protein of 11.

Immunological identification of Fasciola hepatica antigens containing major human T-cell and B-cell epitopes.

Fasciola hepatica whole worm homogenate (Fhwwh) separated fractions were used in enzyme linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) to identify the antigen(s) which induces antibody formation in human fascioliasis. The immuno-reactive antigens recognized by the infected patients were 25-29 kDa and 12 kDa. Antigens were biochemically purified by model 491-prep cell fraction (BIO-RAD).

Application and assessment of a dipstick assay in the diagnosis of hydatidosis and trichinosis.

The aim of the present work was to apply and evaluate a dipstick assay for the serodiagnosis of human hydatidosis as well as human and experimental trichinosis using camel hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) and Trichinella spiralis muscle larval (TSML) antigens, respectively, and compare this to enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) and Falcon assay screening test-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FAST-ELISA). Sera samples were collected from patients with confirmed hydatidosis and trichinosis and with other parasitic diseases as well as from normal healthy individuals. Also, sera samples were collected from mice experimentally infected with T.

Cellular and humoral immune responses to recombinant Smp17.7 Schistosoma mansoni antigen.

To determine the immunological responses to S. mansoni antigen rSmp17.7, a total of 184 subjects, 174 patients from a schistosomiasis endemic area, and 10 controls were used.

In vitro cellular and humoral responses to Schistosoma mansoni vaccine candidate antigens.

Few studies comparing schistosomiasis vaccine candidate antigens between laboratories have been carried out and published. Generally, only the investigators who discovered the molecules have evaluated them in either experimental animal models or in human correlate studies. In an attempt to identify responses against specific antigens and investigate their association with resistance versus susceptibility to re-infection, we studied the serological reactions and the cytokine responses stimulated by a panel of 10 candidate vaccine molecules in 225 long-term residents of an area endemic for Schistosoma mansoni in Egypt.

Epidemiology and immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis haematobium in low endemic area in Egypt.

A survey was performed in Behbeet village in Giza governorate including 370 individuals (172 males and 198 females) representing 10% of the house holds. Clinical, stool, urine and serological tests accompanied by a questionnaire were applied to all participants to find out the prevalence, intensity of infection of S. haematobium, underlying sociodemographic factors, morbidity indicators and the awareness and treatment status among the infected population.

A novel and sensitive method to monitor helminth infections by faecal sampling.

The Kato-Katz technique is the method routinely used for diagnosing human schistosomiasis mansoni by estimating faecal egg burdens. To improve the sensitivity of faecal diagnosis, we established and validated a novel separation technique based upon the greater density of viable schistosome eggs relative to faecal material. Subsequently, it was used for faecal examination of 27 schistosomiasis patients in El-Sharkia, Egypt, with Kato-Katz smears as criterion standard.

Blueprint for schistosomiasis vaccine development.

A number of different schistosome antigens are capable of partially protecting experimental animals from challenge infection. More than 100 such antigens have been identified, about 15% of which are strongly protective and deemed promising though they do not reach the level close to sterile immunity seen after vaccination with irradiated cercariae. Studies of human correlate reactions, i.

Application of immunodiagnostic assays: detection of antibodies and circulating antigens in human schistosomiasis and correlation with clinical findings.

In an initial cross-sectional survey, serum, urine, and stool samples were collected from 370 participants representing about 10% of the population (n = 4,438) in Behbeet village, 50 km south of Cairo, Egypt, an area well known to be endemic solely for Schistosoma haematobium. Diagnosis was approached in two parallel ways. The first approach, which simulated actual conditions in many endemic areas in Egypt, was based on physical examination and urine and stool microscopic analysis.

T and B cell reactivity to a 42-kDa protein is associated with human resistance to both schistosomiasis mansoni and haematobium.

Egyptian subjects living in areas endemic for Schistosoma mansoni or Schistosoma haematobium were selected on the basis of their apparent extremes of resistance or susceptibility to schistosomiasis and examined for T and B cell responses against the major electrophoretically resolved protein species from soluble adult worm extracts. A 42-kDa band was specifically recognized by a significant majority of subjects resistant to schistosomiasis. The 42-kDa species (p-42) from S.

Identification and characterization of Schistosoma mansoni antigens recognized by T and B lymphocytes of humans with early active intestinal and/or urinary schistosomiasis.

Schistosome antigens selected as vaccine candidates should induce in the majority of humans T and B cell-mediated immunity that results in protection against infection. As a first step towards the identification of such antigens, we attempted to define and characterize the soluble adult Schistosoma mansoni worm antigen (SAWA) bands that are recognized by serum antibodies and/or peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Egyptian children with early active S. mansoni and/or S.