The Hyperdense Right Hemidiaphragm Sign: A Novel Radiological Indicator of Diffuse Fatty Liver Infiltration on Non-Enhanced CT.

Objectives The primary objective of this study is to describe and evaluate the diagnostic performance of the hyperdense right hemidiaphragm sign (HRHS) as a novel radiological indicator for diffuse fatty infiltration of the liver on non-enhanced CT (NECT) scans. This includes assessing its sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value, and comparing these metrics with other established NECT signs. Methods This cross-sectional multicenter retrospective study included all patients over 12 years of age who underwent both abdominal MRI and NECT scans of the abdomen within a period not exceeding six months at two tertiary hospitals (The Royal Hospital and Armed Forces Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman) between January 2010 and December 2022.

Machine learning prediction of brain metastasis invasion pattern on brain magnetic resonance imaging scans.

Background: Brain metastasis invasion pattern (BMIP) is an emerging biomarker associated with recurrence-free and overall survival in patients, and differential response to therapy in preclinical models. Currently, BMIP can only be determined from the histopathological examination of surgical specimens, precluding its use as a biomarker prior to therapy initiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of machine learning (ML) approaches to develop a noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based biomarker for BMIP determination.

Acyl Hydrazides as Insecticides: Synthesis, Biochemical, Structure-Activity Relationship Studies and Insecticidal Activity of some IGRs Analogues Against Spodoptera littorallis (Boisd.).

The exponential rise in pesticide resistance to conventional chemical pesticides is another major factor driving the development of novel insecticidal active agents. One approach to solving this problem is to investigate novel classes and environmentally safe insecticidal chemicals with a variety of modes of action. Among these techniques is the creation of novel tebufenozide derivatives.

Pediatric TBI: Direct admissions vs. secondary referrals to a hospital: A single‑center, retrospective study.

The present retrospective study was conducted in an aim to examine the differences between pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) cases referred to and those admitted directly to the hospital. For this purpose, pediatric patients who presented to a main trauma center with TBI between January, 2015 and December, 2019 were reviewed retrospectively, emphasizing whether they were admitted directly or referred from another center. Data collected included the demographic characteristics of the patients, as well as their presenting complaints and the cause of TBI.

Coexistence of Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistula and Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: Systematic Review and Outcome Analysis.

A substantial number of patients with intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) suffer from coexistent cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), yet this clinical relation is poorly studied. We aim to study the clinical and radiological outcome of patients with coexistent dAVF and CVST based on different treatment modalities and to examine various other parameters in such patients. A search strategy was performed on the following search engines: PubMed, Wiley, Microsoft Academia, and Google Scholar.

Uses of artificial intelligence in glioma: A systematic review.

Glioma is the most prevalent type of primary brain tumor in adults. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in glioma is increasing and has exhibited promising results. The present study performed a systematic review of the applications of AI in glioma as regards diagnosis, grading, prediction of genotype, progression and treatment response using different databases.

Cost of Healthcare Services in Geriatric Neuro-oncology: A descriptive Analysis.

Background: The percentage of brain tumor incidence exceeds 50% in the geriatric population admitted at Khoula Hospital (a tertiary care hospital in Oman) as compared to the younger population, furthermore, geriatric patients impose a higher cost of healthcare in general. Therefore, geriatric tumor care is causing a significant burden on the healthcare service in Oman. For this reason, we have developed this study to identify the cost of care for this group.

Trends in Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Meningioma: the Top 100 Most Cited Articles.

Background: Stereotactic radiosurgery is a well-known and influential management option for meningioma. This article aims to highlight the most cited publications on this topic.

Methods: All Scopus articles published in English under Stereotactic radiosurgery and meningioma were sorted according to the number of citations.

Cost Associated with Geriatric Traumatic Brain Injury in Developing Countries: An Observational Study.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the geriatric population is a serious public health problem and has a huge impact on mortality and morbidity.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study including patients aged above 65 admitted to a tertiary specialized trauma center, in the period from January 2016 to 31 December 2019. The data collected include patients' demographics, diagnosis, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on arrival, length of stay, investigations, and type of surgery done.

Metformin use is associated with longer survival in glioblastoma patients with MGMT gene silencing.

Purpose: New treatments are needed to improve the overall survival of patients with glioblastoma Metformin is known for anti-tumorigenic effects in cancers, including breast and pancreas cancers. In this study, we assessed the association between metformin use and overall survival in glioblastoma patients.

Methods: We retrospectively studied 241 patients who underwent surgery at diagnosis of glioblastoma between 2014 and 2018.

Delirium and Its Association with Short- and Long-Term Health Outcomes in Medically Admitted Patients: A Prospective Study.

Background: Delirium is highly prevalent among elderly hospitalized patients in various healthcare settings. This study aimed to assess the impact of delirium on short- and long-term health outcomes.

Methods: A prospective cohort included medically ill patients (≥65 years) admitted to a tertiary healthcare facility.

Awake Craniotomy Surgery in Pediatrics: A Systematic Review.

Background: Awake craniotomy is a unique method to prevent motor deficits during the resection of lesions located in or close to functional areas. We sought to study the outcomes of pediatric craniotomy on published studies.

Methods: The search for articles was performed through multiple search engines: PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Wiley.

Delirium in Medically Hospitalized Patients: Prevalence, Recognition and Risk Factors: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome in hospitalized elderly patients and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. We aimed to determine the prevalence, recognition, risk factors, and course of delirium among hospitalized elderly (65 years of age or older) patients at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH).

Methods: A prospective cohort study included 327 elderly patients (65 years of age or older) admitted to the medical wards at SQUH.

Review of the Prevalence of Opioid Use Disorder Following Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: Opioid use disorder is a worldwide economic and health concern. Opioid use seems to be increased in those who sustained traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of the current systematic review is to examine the prevalence of opioid use disorders among individuals with TBI.

The Role of Nursing Care in the Management of External Ventricular Drains on the Neurosurgical Ward: A Quality Improvement Project.

Objective: The management of external ventricular drains (EVDs) is a critical aspect of patient care in the intensive care setting. However, nurses on the general floor are not commonly exposed to patients with EVD and therefore lack the necessary knowledge and skills to manage and troubleshoot EVDs effectively. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge, comfort, and impact of EVD management among nurses on the floor after the implementation of a quality improvement (QI) tool.

The Influence of the Hyaluronic Acid Gel on the Postoperative Sequelae following Surgical Removal of the Impacted Mandibular Third Molar in Comparison with the A-PRF: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

One of the most common procedures in oral surgery is the removal of impacted mandibular third molars, often followed by pain, swelling, alveolitis, and trismus. . To compare the outcomes of the intrasocket application of 1% hyaluronic acid oral gel (HA) and advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) on the expected postoperative complications, pain, swelling, and trismus follow the surgical extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar.

Characterization of perioperative glycemic status and dexamethasone use with associated postoperative complications in glioblastoma patients.

Purpose: Postoperative morbidity in glioblastoma (GBM) patients can be due to the disease course but can also come from postoperative complications. Our objective was to study the association of dexamethasone use and perioperative hyperglycemia with postoperative complications in GBM patients.

Methods: A single-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients who underwent surgery for primary GBM from 2014-2018.

Selection of Neurosurgical Applicants in the High-Income Developing Country Lacking Local Residency Program: A Cross-Sectional Study.

 Neurosurgery residency became one of the most competitive specialties in the medical field worldwide, which is increasing with time in contrast to the limited positions. Therefore, the requirements for the program have increased. There are different criteria for each program, which are determined by specific factors.

Subtle magnetic resonance imaging differences in tegmental pilocytic astrocytomas as a caution against attempting gross-total resection: illustrative cases.

Background: Although surgery within the tegmentum of the midbrain is challenging, resection of tegmental pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs) is a standard treatment because this has been shown to outperform chemotherapy and radiotherapy in terms of long-term tumor control. Gross total resection (GTR) assisted by intraoperative neuroelectrophysiological monitoring can be achieved with a reasonable risk-to-benefit ratio, especially for well-circumscribed tumors, but careful scrutiny of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is critical to surgical decision making. The authors present two cases of tegmental PAs, which appeared grossly similar on MRI and were operated on via the same surgical approach using the same intraoperative adjuncts.

Pediatric traumatic brain injury in a high-income developing country: experience at a level 1 neuro-trauma center.

Background: Data on the incidence, prevalence and mortality of pediatric traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in developing countries are not readily available or do not exist.

Aim: The aim of this study was to study the epidemiology of pediatric TBI in developing countries.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in a high-volume Neurosurgery Department where we reviewed pediatric cases presenting with TBI between January 2015 and December 2019.

The Top 100 Most Cited Neurosurgical Articles on COVID-19: A Bibliometric Analysis.

Background: The first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. This study uses a bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most cited neurosurgical COVID-19-related articles to date to identify and determine their characteristics.

Methods: The Scopus library was searched for all published articles on neurosurgery and COVID-19.

Neurosurgery Services in the Sultanate of Oman: Evolution, Current State, and Future Development.

During the past 4 decades, the Sultanate of Oman has undergone a remarkable change in all the fields of civilization and modernization, including education, health care, social services, and many other improvements. In the present article, we address the history of neurosurgery in the Sultanate of Oman from the early beginning to the present time. Neurosurgery Departments in the Sultanate of Oman have come a long way to reach their current status.

Anti-Epileptic Drugs in Geriatric Neurosurgery: A Review of 669 Neurosurgical Cases.

Background And Purpose: Patients over the age of 75 are more likely to develop epilepsy than children under the age of 10. Patients of all ages are prescribed anti-epileptic drugs; however, those over the age of 65 are the most typically prescribed group.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of geriatric cases admitted to the Neurosurgery Department in Khoula Hospital from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019.

Predicting Patients at Risk for Prolonged Hospital Stays Following Pediatrics Traumatic Head Injuries in High-Income Developing Country: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in pediatrics are the most common cause of long-term morbidity and mortality, generating a considerable burden on the health care system. In the current retrospective study, we aimed to identify the predictors that contribute to prolonged hospital stays in pediatric TBI.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study including all pediatric cases (age younger than 14) who presented to Khoula Hospital with TBI and were seen from January 2015 to December 2019.