Shifting Trends in Obstetrics: An 18-year Analysis of Low-risk Births at a German University Hospital.

Background/aim: At the beginning of the 21 century, obstetric medicine took a turn from interventional to restrictive in low-risk birth. The present study examined the changes in peripartum management over the past 20 years at the Women's University Hospital Cologne. The attitudes of the becoming mother and physicians towards anesthesia, episiotomy, and vaginal-operative deliveries were compared and the factors influencing the duration of birth over the past 20 years were examined.

Cytocompatibility of Bone Substitute Materials and Membranes.

Background/aim: With the demographic change and associated chronic bone loss, the need for cytocompatible bone replacement materials arise in modern medicine. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the cytocompatibility of eleven different bone substitute materials and membranes.

Materials And Methods: Seven bone substitute materials and four membranes were assessed in vitro.