Tissue factor pathway inhibitor in childhood nephrotic syndrome.

It is now recognised that the extrinsic tissue factor pathway is the main trigger to the coagulation system in vivo. Its main inhibitor, tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), has never been studied in childhood nephrotic syndrome. The aim of the study was to monitor the level of TFPI in childhood nephrotic syndrome.

Osteopetrosis in children.

Over a 10-year period, 28 Arab children with autosomal recessive osteopetrosis were seen in two hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Eighteen (64%) had osteopetrosis associated with metabolic acidosis probably due to a renal tubular defect; nine (32%) had a malignant infantile form of osteopetrosis and one had a mild form with delayed onset. Parental consanguinity was 56% and 40% among patients with and without acidosis respectively.

CAPD in saudi arabian children: ten years experience from a single center.

In this paper we describe our experience with chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in children. Between 1984 and 1993, a total of 51 patients were treated by CAPD at King Khalid University Hospital. Eight patients were excluded from the study because of incomplete data.

Association of multicystic dysplasia and crossed nonfused renal ectopia: a case report.

Crossed renal ectopia is an unusual anomaly, 90% of which is fused to the ipsilateral kidney. Multicystic dysplasia in association with crossed non-fused renal ectopia is a very rare phenomenon and can produce a palpable abdominal mass. We report a 2-year old girl who presented with a mass in the abdomen.

Hepatitis C virus infection in two groups of paediatric patients: one maintained on haemodialysis and the other on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Seropositivity to hepatitis C virus (HCV) was evaluated in three groups of Saudi children. One group (n = 18) was maintained on haemodialysis and another group (n = 21) on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The third group were community-based normal controls.

Acrorenal syndrome associated with visual defect.

The clinical biochemical, radiological, and histological data of a 5-year-old boy with severe limb deformities and renal failure due to oligomeganephronia and renal hypoplasia are reported. This patient represents another example of acrorenal syndrome. This boy has a severe visual defect due to pigmentory retinopathy, which has not been reported previously.

Coagulopathy of childhood nephrotic syndrome--a reappraisal of the role of natural anticoagulants and fibrinolysis.

In an attempt to characterise further the coagulopathy of childhood nephrotic syndrome, this study concentrates on simultaneous measurements of the natural anticoagulants [antithrombin III (ATIII), proteins C and S] and the fibrinolytic factors, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI). The study groups consisted of 41 children (ages ranging from 2 to 14 years; median 7.1) in the relapse of nephrosis and 48 children (ages ranging from 3 to 14 years; median 7.

Normal levels of the natural anticoagulants (proteins C & S and antithrombin III) and the fibrinolytic factors (tPA and PAI) in Arab children.

The diagnosis of many hemostatic defects in infancy and childhood depends on the establishment of normal levels of various hemostatic factors. In this study, measurements of the natural anticoagulants (proteins C, S, and antithrombin III), as well as the fibrinolytic factors (tPA and PAI) were undertaken in healthy neonates (cord blood; n = 56), as well as in healthy children, up to 12 years of age (n = 103). The results were compared to normal adult values obtained from blood donors (n = 49).

Hepatitis E virus infection in patients from Saudi Arabia with sickle cell anaemia and beta-thalassemia major: possible transmission by blood transfusion.

The seroprevalence of antibodies against hepatitis E virus (HEV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) was investigated in Saudi children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) (50 patients: 28 boys, 22 girls; age range 2-14 years) and beta-thalassemia major (28 patients: 12 boys, 16 girls; age range 2-12 years). The SCA patients were from the Gizan area (South) while the thalassemics were from the Riyadh area (Central province). The prevalence of hepatitis E virus antibody (HEVAb) in patients with SCA (18.

Bacteriologic profile and drug resistance in pediatric patients with symptomatic bacteriuria.

The bacteriologic profile in 1081 pediatric patients with culture-positive symptomatic bacteriuria was studied over a 30-month period in a 500-bed acute care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Microbial isolates were considered significant if their numbers equaled or exceeded 10,000 colony-forming units/mL in symptomatic patients. Escherichia coli was the most common causative agent of urinary tract infections (55.

Childhood renal diseases in Saudi Arabia. A clinicopathological study of 167 cases.

Between April 1982 and September 1994, 167 renal biopsies were performed in 167 children at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The data were analysed to show a correlation between clinical presentation and histological findings. Nephrotic syndrome was the most common indication for renal biopsy, accounting for 77% of all cases.

Renal sonographic patterns in Bartter's syndrome.

The renal sonographic findings in ten cases of Bartter s syndrome investigated at the King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia are described. There were various sonographic abnormalities other than those of hyperechoic pyramids as previously described. These were diffuse increased renal echogenicity and hyperechoic echogenicity in the kidneys with the exception of the pyramids.

Nephrolithiasis in children and adolescents in the South Western region of saudi arabia.

We reviewed 71 cases of children and adolescents with nephrolithiasis over a 9 year period (1982-1991). The mean age was 12.3 years.

Acute viral hepatitis, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and prolonged acute renal failure: a case report.

A 10-year-old boy with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency developed acute renal failure during the icteric phase of non-fulminant hepatitis A infection. He needed peritoneal dialysis for 54 days. Acute tubular necrosis was confirmed by percutaneous renal biopsy.

Platelet Aggregometry - Dose-related Responses to Arachidonic Acid in Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome.

A recent unexpected finding of inhibited platelet aggregation in response to a single (1.64 mmol/l) dose of arachidonic acid (AA), during the relapse of childhood nephrosis, prompted us to assess aggregation in response to multiple doses of AA: 1.64,0.

Childhood bacterial diarrhoea in a regional hospital in Saudi Arabia: clinico-aetiological features.

Over a one-year period, 210 paediatric patients, who were admitted with acute diarrhoea to a regional hospital in the south-western region of Saudi Arabia, were retrospectively reviewed for bacterial enteropathogens. Bacterial pathogens were isolated from 66 (31.4%) patients, with Shigella being the most common (17.

Management of acute childhood diarrhoea in Saudi Arabia: practices versus the WHO recommendations.

The fluid management of 247 infants and children who were admitted to King Fahad Hospital at Al Baha, Saudi Arabia with acute diarrhoea was reviewed. Half of them were infants and 25% were exclusively breast fed. Although dehydration was mild in 149 (60.

Pediatrics inpatients at the King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 1985-1989.

A review of admissions into the pediatric wards of the King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, over a four-year period (1985-1989) indentified perinatal problems, acute respiratory infections, congenital anomalies and diseases of the central nervous system, as the major disorders. With the notable exception of nutritional rickets, manlnutrition was rare. The age distribution showed a preponderance of neonates and infants who represented 42.

Visceral leishmaniasis in infancy and childhood epidemiology and clinicopathological study of 63 cases in Al-Baha Province, Saudi Arabia.

The epidemiology, clinicopathological features, and response to therapy of 63 Saudi patients with visceral leishmaniasis are described. The clinical features in our cases were similar to those described from Asir province, India, and Ethiopia, except for the presence of lymphadenopathy. Fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, and liver dysfunction were common findings.

Seropositivity to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Saudi children with chronic renal failure maintained on haemodialysis.

Twenty Saudi children (mean age: 7.7 years) with chronic renal failure who had received several blood transfusions were screened for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV) and antibodies to the various markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies was significantly higher in these patients (45%) than in controls (1%) (p less than 0.

Seropositivity to hepatitis C virus in Saudi haemodialysis patients.

Seropositivity to hepatitis B, C and D viruses was studied in 66 Saudi haemodialysis patients from Al Baha region, south of Saudi Arabia, and was compared to that in 380 healthy Saudis from the same region. The results showed that HCV is endemic in this region (3.6%) and the prevalence of anti-HCV in the haemodialysis patients was 45.

Ultrasound detection rate of childhood urolithiasis.

A retrospective study of 42 children with 45 proven urinary tract stones who had had intravenous urography (IVU), ultrasound examination and a plain abdominal X-ray (KUB) was undertaken in order to evaluate the prediction rate of each method. Ultrasound was more sensitive than KUB (91% vs 80%) in detecting stones. All renal stones were detected by ultrasound.

Henoch-Schönlein syndrome in Saudi Arabia.

A retrospective study was carried out on 40 children from Saudi Arabia with Henoch-Schönlein syndrome to delineate its clinical pattern. More than 50 per cent of the cases occurred in winter. There was no apparent causal relationship with B-haemolytic streptococcal infection.

Postrenal-biopsy hematoma in infants and children: evaluation by ultrasonography.

Postbiopsy hematoma was assessed using ultrasonography in 106 infants and children (age 1 month to 15 years) who underwent a total of 122 percutaneous renal biopsies. Postbiopsy hematoma occurred in 22 (21%) of 105 successful biopsies. However, only 2 of these were symptomatic.