Revolutionizing healthcare in KSA: A deep dive into clinical practice guideline development and implementation.

KSA is transforming its healthcare system by developing and implementing Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs), a tool designed to improve patient outcomes, standardize care, and facilitate evidence-based decision-making. CPGs are crucial in addressing healthcare disparities, thereby promoting health equity and patient experience. They are integral to KSA's healthcare transformation agenda.

Role of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for the management of peri‑implant diseases among habitual nicotinic product users: A systematic review.

Objective: The objective was to systematically review original studies that assessed the influence of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for managing peri‑implant diseases among habitual nicotinic product (NP) users.

Methods: The research question was "Is aPDT effective for managing peri‑implant diseases among NP users?" Indexed databases (PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, and ISI Web of Knowledge) and Google Scholar were searched up to and including December 2024 without time and language barriers. Using Boolean operators, the following keywords were searched in different combinations: antimicrobial photodynamic therapy; crestal bone loss; peri‑implant diseases; probing depth; nicotine; and smoking.

Comparison of local minocycline hydrochloride delivery and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as adjuncts to mechanical debridement for the treatment of peri‑implant mucositis: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: The aim was to compare the efficacy of local minocycline hydrochloride delivery (LMHD) and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as adjuncts to mechanical debridement (MD) for the treatment of peri‑implant mucositis (PM).

Methods: Patients with PM were included. The following information was retrieved from patients' digital dental records: (a) age, (b) gender, (c) duration of implants in function, (d) number of implants, (e) depth of implant placement, and (f) mode of prosthesis retention.

Dairy Consumption and Inflammatory Bowel Disease among Arab Adults: A Case-Control Study and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a complex disease with increasing global incidence and prevalence. Although dairy consumption has been linked to various chronic diseases, its relationship with IBD remains uncertain. Additionally, there is a lack of data on this topic from Arab countries.

Detection of Avian Orthoavulavirus-1 genotypes VI.2.1 and VII.1.1 with neuro-viscerotropic tropism in some backyard pigeons (Columbidae) in Eastern Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: Avian orthoavulavirus-1 (AOAV1) has a wide host range, including domestic and wild birds. The present study aimed to identify the currently circulating AOAV1 strains from some outbreaks in some backyard pigeons in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia (ERSA).

Methods: Tracheal/cloacal swabs and tissue specimens were collected from eight backyards in Al-Ahsa, ERSA, between January 2021 and March 2023.

Biomarker and transcriptomics profiles of serum selenium concentrations in patients with heart failure are associated with immunoregulatory processes.

Background: Low selenium concentrations are associated with worse outcomes in heart failure (HF). However, the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Therefore, we aimed to contrast serum selenium concentrations to blood biomarker and transcriptomic profiles in patients with HF.

Avian encephalomyelitis virus in backyard chickens.

Background And Aim: Avian viral diseases usually cause high economic losses because of high morbidity and mortality and poor growth. The rearing of chickens in backyards could have an important role in the spread of certain diseases, particularly those of viral origin. Infected birds might be prone to many viral infections for several reasons, including a lack of vaccination programs, the mixing of different bird species in the same location, and the close interactions of these birds with wild and migratory birds carrying various pathogens.

A longitudinal study of bovine viral diarrhea virus in a semi-closed management dairy cattle herd, 2020-2022.

Introduction: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) brings great economic loss to the cattle industry worldwide. Developing a control/prevention strategy requires the prior assessment of certain epidemiological parameters. To determine the BVD incidence rate and associated risk factors, a dairy cattle herd in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia was monitored between 2020 and 2022.

Immunomodulation and immunopharmacology in heart failure.

The immune system is intimately involved in the pathophysiology of heart failure. However, it is currently underused as a therapeutic target in the clinical setting. Moreover, the development of novel immunomodulatory therapies and their investigation for the treatment of patients with heart failure are hampered by the fact that currently used, evidence-based treatments for heart failure exert multiple immunomodulatory effects.

Micronutrient deficiencies and new-onset atrial fibrillation in a community-based cohort: data from PREVEND.

Aim: Malnutrition has been linked to cardiovascular diseases. Both selenium and iron deficiency have been associated with worse prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF). Yet, little is known about the role of micronutrients in the development of atrial fibrillation (AFib).

Evidence of the circulation of avian metapneumovirus in domestic backyard chickens in Eastern Saudi Arabia in 2019.

Background And Aim: Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is a recently discovered respiratory virus in chickens. Avian metapneumovirus has been linked to respiratory syndromes, reproductive failure in affected chickens and turkeys, swollen head syndrome in chickens, and rhinotracheitis in turkeys. Wild birds are considered potential reservoirs of aMPV, particularly aMPV-C.

Immunoinformatic prediction of the pathogenicity of bovine viral diarrhea virus genotypes: implications for viral virulence determinants, designing novel diagnostic assays and vaccines development.

Introduction: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) significantly impacts the bovine industries, both dairy and beef sectors. BVDV can infect various domestic and wild animals, most notably cattle. The dynamic variations among BVDV serotypes due to the continuous genetic diversity, especially in BVDV1 (BVDV1), reduce the effectiveness of the currently available vaccines and reduce the specificity/sensitivity of the diagnostic assays.

The relationship between matrix metalloproteinases-8 and -implantitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Peri-implantitis diagnosis typically involves evaluating inflammation, pocket depth, bleeding, and bone loss around dental implants. Although these methods are reliable and convenient, they mainly determine the history of the disease instead of the current activity or disease susceptibility. This -analysis evaluates whether the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 level in the -implant crevicular fluids (PICF) can be associated with -implantitis.

Parental COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy for Children and Its Influencing Factors: A Riyadh-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

It is well known that vaccination is the best clinical approach for successfully controlling COVID-19 infection. Understanding the disparities in COVID-19 vaccination apprehension among parents in different societies is crucial for effectively implementing COVID-19 vaccination programs. This observational cross-sectional study was carried out in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia between February and April 2022.

Clinical and prognostic associations of autoantibodies recognizing adrenergic/muscarinic receptors in patients with heart failure.

Aims: The importance of autoantibodies (AABs) against adrenergic/muscarinic receptors in heart failure (HF) is not well-understood. We investigated the prevalence and clinical/prognostic associations of four AABs recognizing the M2-muscarinic receptor or the β1-, β2-, or β3-adrenergic receptor in a large and well-characterized cohort of patients with HF.

Methods And Results: Serum samples from 2256 patients with HF from the BIOSTAT-CHF cohort and 299 healthy controls were analysed using newly established chemiluminescence immunoassays.

Impact of Selected Bacterial and Viral Toll-like Receptor Agonists on the Phenotype and Function of Camel Blood Neutrophils.

Innate recognition of pathogens depends on the interaction between microbial structures known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in host cells. Toll-like receptors (TLR) are among the most important PRRs being expressed on and in a wide range of immune cell types. Studies on the interaction mechanisms between different pathogen species and the immune system of the dromedary camel are still scarce.

Sexual dimorphism in selenium deficiency is associated with metabolic syndrome and prevalence of heart disease.

Background: Serum selenium levels have been associated with the incidence of heart failure (HF) and signs of the metabolic syndrome. In addition, notable differences have been reported between males and females in food intake and micronutrient metabolism, possibly explaining different health outcomes.

Objective: Our objective was to elucidate sex-specific, cross-sectional phenotypic differences in the association of serum selenium concentrations with parameters of metabolic syndrome and HF.

Risk-associated factors associated with the bovine viral diarrhea virus in dromedary camels, sheep, and goats in abattoir surveillance and semi-closed herd system.

Background And Aim: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most important viral pathogens causing high economic losses in cattle of all ages. Despite the active vaccination campaigns against BVDV, many outbreaks are still detected in various populations of cattle worldwide. Other species of animals such as dromedary camels, sheep, and goats may harbor BVDV infection and cause variable clinical syndromes.

The efficacy of the prime-boost regimen for heterologous infectious bronchitis vaccines mandates the administration of homologous vaccines.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has been frequently reported in chickens worldwide, including in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia (ERS). Several IBV outbreaks were recently reported in chickens despite the massive use of various vaccines. Based on partial sequencing of the S1 gene, at least three genotypes were reported (CK/CH/LDL/97I, IS/720/99, and IS/Variant2/98) in the ERS with no available homologous vaccines.

Camel viral diseases: Current diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies.

Many pathogenic viruses infect camels, generally regarded as especially hardy livestock because of their ability to thrive in harsh and arid conditions. Transmission of these viruses has been facilitated by the commercialization of camel milk and meat and their byproducts, and vaccines are needed to prevent viruses from spreading. There is a paucity of information on the effectiveness of viral immunizations in camels, even though numerous studies have looked into the topic.

The Pattern of Thyroid Malignancy and Its Associated Characteristics Among United Arab Emirates Population With More Focus on Patients in the Bethesda III Category.

Introduction: Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine cancer worldwide. It is the second most common type of cancer among United Arab Emirates (UAE) women and ranks as the sixth most common type of cancer overall among the UAE population. There are limited studies in the UAE related to thyroid malignancy.

Whole Salivary Cotinine Levels and Interleukin 1-β Levels among Young Adults Involuntarily Exposed to Vapor from Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems.

Purpose: To the assess whole salivary cotinine and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) levels among individuals involuntarily exposed to vapor from electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) (test group) and unexposed individuals (control group).

Materials And Methods: Demographic data and information related to ENDS vapor exposure were collected using a questionnaire. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected, unstimulated whole-saliva flow rate (UWSFR) was calculated, and cotinine and IL-1β levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Nutrition implications of intrinsic restrictive lung disease.

Restrictive lung disease is defined as a reduction in lung volume that may be due to intraparenchymal or extraparenchymal causes. Intraparenchymal causes falls under the umbrella term of interstitial lung disease (ILD) and includes idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. This manuscript provides an overview of ILD and can be beneficial for all clinicians working with patients with ILD.

Analgesic Efficacy of Curcuma longa (Curcumin) after Surgical Periodontal Therapy.

Purpose: To compare the analgesic efficacy of orally administered Curcuma longa (curcumin) and mefenamic acid (MA) after surgical periodontal therapy (SPT).

Materials And Methods: Seventy-six periodontitis patients were randomly divided into two groups. In the test group, patients received curcumin capsules (200 mg), and in the control group, patients received MA (500 mg).