The characterisation of dental enamel using transmission Kikuchi diffraction in the scanning electron microscope combined with dynamic template matching.

The remarkable physical properties of dental enamel can be largely attributed to the structure of the hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystallites on the sub-micrometre scale. Characterising the HAp microstructure is challenging, due to the nanoscale of individual crystallites and practical challenges associated with HAp examination using electron microscopy techniques. Conventional methods for enamel characterisation include imaging using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or specialised beamline techniques, such as polarisation-dependent imaging contrast (PIC).

THE RISK OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AFTER ELECTIVE VERSUS EMERGENCY CORONARY INTERVENTION.

Objective: The aim: A serious and common complication after percutaneous coronary intervention is acute kidney injury, which is associated with an increased risk of renal, cardiovascular and even mortality; therefore, early prognosis and identification of patients at higher risk are essential for early initiation of preventive measures. The aim of this study is to predict and compare the risk for the development of CI-AKI in patient with ACS who undergo emergency PCI or elective (i.e.

Noise in ICUs: Review and Detailed Analysis of Long-Term SPL Monitoring in ICUs in Northern Spain.

Intensive care units (ICUs) are busy and noisy areas where patients and professional staff can be exposed to acoustic noise for long periods of time. In many cases, noise levels significantly exceed the levels recommended by the official health organisations. This situation can affect not only patient recovery but also professional staff, making ICUs unhealthy work and treatment environments.

Crystallographic texture and mineral concentration quantification of developing and mature human incisal enamel.

For human dental enamel, what is the precise mineralization progression spatially and the precise timing of mineralization? This is an important question in the fundamental understanding of matrix-mediated biomineralization events, but in particular because we can use our understanding of this natural tissue growth in humans to develop biomimetic approaches to repair and replace lost enamel tissue. It is important to understand human tissues in particular since different species have quite distinct spatial and temporal progression of mineralization. In this study, five human central incisors at different stages of enamel maturation/mineralization were spatially mapped using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and X-ray microtomography techniques.

An NMR thermometer for cryogenic magic-angle spinning NMR: the spin-lattice relaxation of (127)I in cesium iodide.

The accurate temperature measurement of solid samples under magic-angle spinning (MAS) is difficult in the cryogenic regime. It has been demonstrated by Thurber et al. (J.

Safety of subcutaneous specific immunotherapy with pollen allergen extracts for respiratory allergy.

Background: Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is a well-documented treatment for respiratory allergy. However, the major risk of SIT is the development of systemic anaphylactic reactions.

Objectives: To evaluate the safety of SIT given by subcutaneous route for 3 years to patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (AR) with or without asthma.

Bacterial translocation in thioacetamide induced liver cirrhosis in rats.

Cirrhotic liver is predisposed to bacterial infections. Different species of bacteria including Escherichia coli, Enterobacter and Bacteroides fragilis were found to colonize thioacetamide-induced cirrhotic rat liver. Zinc treatment of the cirrhotic rats significantly corrected the histological and histochemical changes in the liver.

Carbonic anhydrase II deficiency in 12 families with the autosomal recessive syndrome of osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis and cerebral calcification.

Osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis and cerebral calcification was identified as a recessively inherited syndrome in 1972. In 1983, we reported a deficiency of carbonic anhydrase II, one of the isozymes of carbonic anhydrase, in three sisters with this disorder. We now describe our study of 18 similarly affected patients with this syndrome in 11 unrelated families of different geographic and ethnic origins.