Diabetes complications in 1952 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients managed in a single institution in Saudi Arabia.

Background And Objectives: Because there is no recent update on the state of diabetes and its concomitant complications in Saudi Arabia, we undertook a study of the prevalence of health complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted to our institution.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of medical records of adult Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes who were seen in clinics or admitted to the Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January 1989 and January 2004.

Results: Of 1952 patients, 943 (48.

Acute Hydrothorax Complicating continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

We describe here hydrothorax that occurred in a patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and highlight the problems of diagnosis and management. A 48 years-old man with history of obstructive uropathy secondary to urolithiasis was stared on CAPD when he reached end-stage renal failure. Two months later, he was admitted with two days history of shortness of breath on exertion and dry cough increasing in supine position.

Spectrum of tuberculosis in dialysis patients in saudi arabia.

Data from different regional hospitals of Saudi Arabia were collected to know the prevalence, clinical features and results of therapy of tuberculosis, in patients on dialysis. Eight hospitals located in five different provinces of Saudi Arabia were involved. There were 132 patients with TB on dialysis of whom 75 were males (mean ages in different hospitals ranging 42-58 years) and 57 were females (mean ages ranging 38-58 years).

Renal cell carcinoma of contralateral kidney with secondaries in gallbladder eight years after nephrectomy.

A 55-year-old female underwent right nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The histopathology showed clear cell carcinoma. There was no evidence of metastasis.

Living unrelated renal transplant: outcome and issues.

Living unrelated transplantation (LURT) is emerging as a practical option in renal transplantation due to shortage of living related and cadaver donors. We report a six-years (December 1991 to December 1996) follow-up of 60 LURT patients. The majority of these patients (95%) were transplanted outside the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 37 in India, 14 in Egypt, five in the USA and one in Pakistan.

The spectrum of glomerulonephritis in saudi arabia: the results of the saudi registry.

Only few studies regarding glomerulonephritis, with relatively small numbers of patients, have so far been published from different centers in Saudi Arabia, and have reported conflicting results regarding the patterns, even in the same city. The possible reasons for these differences include the small number of patients in the different studies, differences in the indications for renal biopsies, referral bias, geographical differences, and, sometimes, the non-availability of the necessary diagnostic facilities in the reporting centers. In order to overcome these problems, a registry for glomerulonephropathy was attempted in Saudi Arabia.

Chronic peritoneal dialysis a single-center experience.

Objective: In Saudi Arabia, experience with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) as a renal replacement therapy is limited, and publications are scanty. The present study was undertaken to evaluate CAPD in the Saudi population.

Patients And Methods: All patients managed by CAPD from May 1993 to September 2002 were included in the study.

Morbidity and mortality in ESRD patients on dialysis.

End-stage renal disease (ESRD), due to its high morbidity and mortality as well as social and financial implications, is a major public health problem. Outcome depends not only on different modalities of treatment like hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, but also on existing co-morbidities, age, duration on dialysis, supportive therapies and infection control strategies. Thus, a detailed study becomes necessary to improve health care delivery, provide medical care and to establish a geographical reference.

Anti-glomerular Basement Membrane Antibody Disease Presenting as Acute Renal Failure During Pregnancy.

A 30-year-old seventh gravida presented with acute renal failure at 28 weeks of gestation. All her previous pregnancies were normal. With a differentional diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis, acute interstitial nephritis (cefuroxime induced) or rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, treatment with antibiotics, intensive hemodialysis (HD) and pulse methylprednisolone followed by oral prednisolone was initiated.

Tuberculous peritonitis in patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis: case reports.

Two cases of tuberculous (TB) peritonitis on chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) are described. The cases were diagnosed by positive acid fast bacilli (AFB) culture from the PD fluid effluent. Catheter removal and transfer to hemodialysis were needed in one, while the other remained on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Pregnancy in patients on dialysis--experience at a referral center.

Objective: Pregnancy is infrequent in women with end-stage renal disease. The frequency of conception in dialysis patients has been reported as 0.3% to 1.

Eleven years of experience with dialysis associated tuberculosis.

Background: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in dialysis patients and to determine its clinical features and results of short-course (6 months) chemotherapy, mortality and risk factors of mortality.

Methods: The study included 48 TB patients among 330 patients on dialysis of whom 37 were on hemodialysis and 11 were on peritoneal dialysis at Security Forces Hospital in the period from October 1989 to October 2000. The diagnosis of TB was established by a combination of clinical, radiological, biochemical, microbiological and histological examinations.

Repeated pregnancies in patients with primary membranous glomerulonephritis.

This retrospective study was carried out in patients with membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) and repeated pregnancies, the aim being to see how one influences the other. Patients with two or more pregnancies after MGN were included in the study. Nine patients underwent 51 pregnancies (range 2-12, mean 5.

Repeated pregnancies in patients with non-immunoglobulin a mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis.

Aim: To analyze the effect of repeated pregnancies on underlying MesGN and see the reciprocal effect on maternal and fetal outcome.

Patients And Methods: Pregnancy records of cases with histological diagnosis of MesGN were reviewed, and past medical histories recorded.

Results: Cesarean section (CS).

Role of interferon-alpha in the treatment of primary glomerulonephritis.

Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) is a naturally occurring cytokine. It was the first cytokine used with clinical benefit in the treatment of viral hepatitis and malignancies. Patients with viral hepatitis B or C may have complications with glomerulonephritis (GN).

Dual-lumen femoral vein catheterization as vascular access for hemodialysis--a prospective study.

Prospectively from January 1991 to January 1993, the efficacy and complications of 104 polyurethane, double-lumen femoral vein catheterizations (FVC) in 96 renal failure patients were studied. Ambulation was allowed in the hospital as well as at home while the catheter was in. There were 53 males and 43 females, with ages ranging from 13 to 87 (mean, 48.

Intraventricular and brachial artery thrombosis in nephrotic syndrome.

A 23-year-old Saudi female presented with nephrotic syndrome. On renal biopsy she had primary focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis which was resistant to steroids. Two years later she presented with absent left arm pulses and on investigation a diagnosis of left ventricular thrombosis and thromboembolism of left brachial artery was made.

Serum ionic fluoride levels in haemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.

High serum fluoride (F-) in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with risk of renal osteodystrophy and other bone changes. This study was done to determine F- in normal healthy controls and patients with ESRD on haemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD). Seventeen healthy controls (12 males, 5 females) and 39 ESRD patients on dialysis (17 males, 22 females) were recruited in the study in a community with 47.

Bartter's syndrome in two successive generations of a Saudi family.

Bartter's syndrome (BS) is characterized by primary renal tubular hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hyperreninemia, hyperaldosteronism and normal blood pressure. The parents and siblings of a BS patient were evaluated for renal tubular function. The father and all 9 siblings of the patient had biochemical features of BS.

Liver disease in dialysis patients with antibodies to hepatitis C virus.

Eighty-three patients with chronic end-stage renal failure, including 65 on haemodialysis and 18 on intermittent peritoneal dialysis, were evaluated for hepatitis B virus profile and antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV). All those positive for HBsAg were excluded from the study. Nineteen patients were found to be positive for antibodies to HCV by the ELISA II test.

Pattern of glomerular disease in Saudi Arabia.

Clinical data and renal biopsy study of 186 adult patients found to have nephropathy and seen at the Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, over a 5-year period (1989 to 1994) were reviewed. Primary glomerular disease accounted for more than three fourths of all patients (79%), and the most common histological lesion was focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (40.8%) associated with a high incidence of hypertension (86.

Device-day infection rates - a surveillance component system for intensive care units at Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

A surveillance component system for Intensive Care Units (ICUs) designed to account for major extrinsic risk factors for nosocomial infections using device days as the denominator has been advocated. A study of the surveillance component system in ICUs was conducted in Security Forces Hospital (SFH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from February 1993 to January 1994 to verify the validity and compare the device-related infection rates with the infection rates based on patient admission and patient days. The standard recommended method was used in data collection.

Erythropoietin therapy in a pregnant woman on maintenance hemodialysis.

A 25 year old Saudi female, sixth gravida, para four, on renal replacement therapy with regular dialysis for nearly two years, was diagnosed to be pregnant at 12 weeks, with a single viable fetus. She was managed with increased frequency of dialysis and increased doses of anti-hypertensive drugs. For the control of anemia, which was further worsened by the pregnancy, she was treated with r-HuEPO 125 to 150 u/kg 3 times/week along with iron and vitamin supplements to maintain hemoglobin of 90 gm/L.