Outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia bacteraemia in a tertiary care centre due to contaminated ultrasound probe gel.

Background: Burkholderia cepacia is an important opportunistic organism in hospitalized and immunocompromised patients, particularly in cystic fibrosis.

Aims: To describe the epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of B. cepacia bacteraemia.

Infection control and prevention practices implemented to reduce transmission risk of Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus in a tertiary care institution in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) among health care workers (HCWs) and patients has been documented with mortality rate approximating 36%. We propose advanced infection control measures (A-IC) used in conjunction with basic infection control measures (B-IC) help reduce pathogen transmission. B-IC include standard and transmission-based precautions.

Risk factors for acute retinopathy of prematurity.

We prospectively studied the risk factors and the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in 195 consecutive preterm infants. Birth weight and duration of mechanical ventilation were the only factors that were significantly associated with the incidence of ROP. While indomethacin increases the risk of developing ROP, maternal antenatal steroids have a protective effect against the development of severe stages of ROP.

Risk factors for acute retinopathy of prematurity.

We prospectively studied the risk factors and the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in 195 consecutive preterm infants. Birth weight and duration of mechanical ventilation were the only factors significantly associated with the incidence of ROP. While indomethacin increases the risk of developing ROP, maternal antenatal steroids have a protective effect against the development of severe stages of ROP.

Retinopathy of prematurity at a University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To prospectively study the incidence and nature of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) at a University Hospital in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This study was carried out the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. One hundred and ninety-five consecutive preterm infants with a birth weight of 2000 g or less were screened for ROP.

Congenital para-oesophageal hiatal hernia in infancy.

Congenital para-oesophageal hiatal hernia (PEHH) is a rare problem in infancy, however, it constitutes a clinical entity that mandates surgical repair once the diagnosis is made. In the paediatric age group, acquired PEHH has been described as a major complication in a number of patients who were treated surgically for gastro-oesophageal reflux (GER) by Nissen fundoplication. PEHH is a frequently encountered condition in elderly patients; it accounts for 5% of diaphragmatic hiatal hernias.

Nonketotic hyperglycinemia: A life-threatening disorder in Saudi newborns.

Nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) is an autosomal recessive disorder due to a fundamental defect in the glycine cleavage system, which leads to neuronal dysfunction caused by two receptor-mediated mechanisms. It is a life-threatening condition in the neonate. Until now, the disease has not been described from Saudi Arabia.

Down's syndrome in Saudi Arabia: incidence and cytogenetics.

A study has been carried out in Riyadh to determine the incidence and distribution of Down's syndrome births during a 9-year period from July 1982 to June 1991. Down's syndrome was ascertained in 42 (23 females and 19 males) of 23,261 consecutive babies born alive to Saudi women, giving an incidence of 1 in 554 live births (1.8 per 1,000).

Neonatal Haemophilus influenzae infections.

Thirteen cases of neonatal Haemophilus influenzae (HI) infections were identified in Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia during 1 year: seven male, six female. The mean weight and age were 36.0 weeks (28-44) and 2.

Risk of thrombocytopenia in the infants of mothers with idiopathic thrombocytopenia.

Twenty-nine of 27,662 pregnant women had autoimmune thrombocytopenia at the time of delivery at King Khalid University Hospital over 6 years starting June 1986. Twenty-six had idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), gave birth to 33 infants, of which 22 were by spontaneous vaginal delivery, eight by lower segment cesarean section, and two by forceps. Fourteen (44%) of the 32 living infants had platelets less than 150 x 10(9)/L and four (12.

Acute rheumatic fever in Saudi Arabia: mild pattern of initial attack.

Fifty-one children with the initial attack of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) were studied prospectively to verify the sociodemographic and clinical profile and to compare results with those from other countries. Most children belonged to large families who lived in an urban setting with ready access to medical care. Unlike reports from many developing countries, the clinical manifestations in this study paralleled data from the West and included arthritis in 76% of the cases, carditis in 43%, and chorea in 8%.

Osteopetrosis: brain ultrasound and computed tomography findings.

A case of osteopetrosis presenting with rare features of dysmorphism with proptosis due to hypoplasia of the orbits and the temporal bone is described. The case also had calcifications in the periventricular regions, the falx cerebri and the corpora colliculi. These features and sonographic findings of osteopetrosis have not been reported previously.

Comparison of continuous versus intermittent furosemide administration in postoperative pediatric cardiac patients.

Objective: To compare the effects of furosemide administered by intermittent iv infusion vs. continuous iv infusion on urine output, hemodynamic variables, and serum electrolyte concentrations.

Design: Prospective, randomized trial.