Development and characterization of camel gelatin films: Influence of camel bone age and glycerol or sorbitol on film properties.

This study developed and evaluated camel bone gelatin films (CBGFs) with glycerol or sorbitol as plasticizers. Gelatin extracted from the bones of camels () at ages ranging from 2.5 to 7 years was used.

Bending and reverse bending during the fabrication of novel GaAs/(In,Ga)As/GaAs core-shell nanowires monitored byx-ray diffraction.

We report on the fabrication of a novel design of GaAs/(In,Ga)As/GaAs radial nanowire heterostructures on a Si 111 substrate, where, for the first time, the growth of inhomogeneous shells on a lattice mismatched core results in straight nanowires instead of bent. Nanowire bending caused by axial tensile strain induced by the (In,Ga)As shell on the GaAs core is reversed by axial compressive strain caused by the GaAs outer shell on the (In,Ga)As shell. Progressive nanowire bending and reverse bending in addition to the axial strain evolution during the two processes are accessed byby x-ray diffraction.

Insight into prevalence, etiology, and modalities of pediatric chronic dialysis: a comprehensive nationwide analysis.

Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and etiology of kidney failure (KF) among children below 15 years of age receiving chronic dialysis in Saudi Arabia and describe their dialysis modalities.

Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 8 August 2022, encompassing all 23 pediatric dialysis centers in Saudi Arabia. Data gathered comprised patient demographics, causes of KF, and the dialysis methods employed.

Sexual workplace violence in the health sector in Saudi Arabia: a cross sectional study.

Background: Sexual workplace violence occurs worldwide with increasing prevalence, causing psychological and physical injuries. However, only few reports from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have investigated the most involved health specialty and its association with other factors, such as working and sociodemographic conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of workplace sexual violence over 12 months, from May 2018 to May 2019, circumstances related to the event, and consequences for the perpetrator and survivor and to identify associated factors among all healthcare workers (HCWs) in Saudi Arabia.

Association Between Risk for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Among Faculty Members and Administrative Staff of a Saudi University.

Background: Diabetes mellitus prevalence continues to rise globally, causing disability and decreased productivity among patients, a significant strain on healthcare systems, and a burden on national economies. In 2021, diabetes will affect approximately 537 million adults. The rising prevalence of prediabetes worldwide also poses a significant public health threat, as it is estimated that by 2030, more than 470 million individuals will be prediabetic.

Frequency and predictive factors for spontaneous normalization of anti-tissue transglutaminase-IgA serology among Saudi children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A cohort study.

Background: Celiac serology can be transiently elevated in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and normalized despite gluten consumption. This study aimed to identify the frequency and predictive factors of spontaneous normalization of anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-TTG-IgA) antibodies in these patients.

Methods: The charts of all patients (≤18 years) with T1DM were retrospectively reviewed from 2012 to 2021 at a tertiary care center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Nutritional, Physicochemical, Microstructural, Rheological, and Organoleptical Characteristics of Ice Cream Incorporating Pulp Flour.

Ice cream's appeal is unrivaled. Nonmilk and milk ingredients in ice cream formulas affect their nutritional value, structure, and organoleptical qualities. Seeking novel dietary ingredients instead of artificial flavoring compounds is vital for improving ice cream taste preference, adding antioxidants, and increasing nutritional value.

Impact of a national collaborative project to improve the care of mechanically ventilated patients.

This prospective quasi-experimental study from the NASAM (National Approach to Standardize and Improve Mechanical Ventilation) collaborative assessed the impact of evidence-based practices including subglottic suctioning, daily assessment for spontaneous awakening trial (SAT), spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), head of bed elevation, and avoidance of neuromuscular blockers unless otherwise indicated. The study outcomes included VAE (primary) and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. Changes in daily care process measures and outcomes were evaluated using repeated measures mixed modeling.

Exploiting flux shadowing for strain and bending engineering in core-shell nanowires.

Here we report on the non-uniform shell growth of InGaAs on the GaAs nanowire (NW) core by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The growth was realized on pre-patterned silicon substrates with the pitch size () ranging from 0.1 μm to 10 μm.

Foreign Body Ingestion: A Common Presentation Among Pediatric Age Group in the City of AlAhsa Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.

Background Foreign body ingestion is a prevalent issue among children and presents considerable morbidity and mortality rates. Due to children's increased accessibility to electronic toys and equipment, foreign body ingestion has become a common reason for presenting to pediatric emergency departments worldwide. In this context, this research aims to determine the prevalence of foreign body ingestion among children in AlAhsa, Saudi Arabia.

An Incidental Finding of Asymptomatic Gastric Diverticula.

Gastric diverticula (GD) are the rarest of the gastrointestinal diverticula and are characterized by protrusions of the stomach wall, that can either be congenital or acquired. Despite the fact that the majority of GD are asymptomatic and are detected inadvertently during endoscopy or gastrointestinal (GI) series studies, they might present with a variety of symptoms, including abdominal pain, vomiting, and weight loss. In mild symptomatic instances, GD is treated conservatively with antacids, but surgical excision is indicated for refractory gastric diverticula with persistent symptoms or complications.

Normative Data and Conversion Equation for Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in an International Healthy Control Cohort.

Background: Spectral-domain (SD-) optical coherence tomography (OCT) can reliably measure axonal (peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer [pRNFL]) and neuronal (macular ganglion cell + inner plexiform layer [GCIPL]) thinning in the retina. Measurements from 2 commonly used SD-OCT devices are often pooled together in multiple sclerosis (MS) studies and clinical trials despite software and segmentation algorithm differences; however, individual pRNFL and GCIPL thickness measurements are not interchangeable between devices. In some circumstances, such as in the absence of a consistent OCT segmentation algorithm across platforms, a conversion equation to transform measurements between devices may be useful to facilitate pooling of data.

The Role of Optical Coherence Tomography Criteria and Machine Learning in Multiple Sclerosis and Optic Neuritis Diagnosis.

Background And Objectives: Recent studies have suggested that intereye differences (IEDs) in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) or ganglion cell + inner plexiform (GCIPL) thickness by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) may identify people with a history of unilateral optic neuritis (ON). However, this requires further validation. Machine learning classification may be useful for validating thresholds for OCT IEDs and for examining added utility for visual function tests, such as low-contrast letter acuity (LCLA), in the diagnosis of people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and for unilateral ON history.

Pediculosis Is a Risk Factor for Iron Deficiency Anaemia.

Pediculosis capitis is obligate ectoparasite that lives and feeds on host blood, affecting commonly children. Lice are transmitted easily and respond to topical treatment with good personal hygiene. Chronic infestation can lead to different complications such as bacterial infection dermatitis and anaemia.

Fabrication and characterization of a pH-sensitive intelligent film incorporating dragon fruit skin extract.

A novel intelligent pH-sensing indicator based on gelatin film and anthocyanin extracted from dragon fruit skin () (DFSE) as a natural dye was developed to monitor food freshness by the casting method. Anthocyanin content of DFSE was 15.66 ± 1.

Assessment of Maternal Macular Pigment Optical Density (MPOD) as a Potential Marker for Dietary Carotenoid Intake during Lactation in Humans.

Pregnancy and lactation can change the maternal nutrient reserve. Non-invasive, quantitative markers of maternal nutrient intake could enable personalized dietary recommendations that improve health outcomes in mothers and infants. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) is a candidate marker, as MPOD values generally reflect carotenoid intake.

Recent advances in extraction, modification, and application of chitosan in packaging industry.

Current environmental concerns fostered a strong interest in extracting polymers from renewable feedstocks. Chitosan, a second most abundant polysaccharide after cellulose, may prove to be a promising green material owing to its renewability, inherent biodegradablity, natural availability, non-toxicity, and ease of modification. This review is intended to comprehensively overview the recent developments on the isolation of chitosan from chitin, its modification and applications as a reinforcing candidate for food packaging materials, emphasizing the scientific underpinnings arising from its physicochemical properties, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antifungal activities.

x-ray analysis of misfit strain and curvature of bent polytypic GaAs-InGaAs core-shell nanowires.

Misfit strain in core-shell nanowires can be elastically released by nanowire bending in case of asymmetric shell growth around the nanowire core. In this work, we investigate the bending of GaAs nanowires during the asymmetric overgrowth by an InGaAs shell caused by avoiding substrate rotation. We observe that the nanowire bending direction depends on the nature of the substrate's oxide layer, demonstrated by Si substrates covered by native and thermal oxide layers.

Correlating in situ RHEED and XRD to study growth dynamics of polytypism in nanowires.

Design of novel nanowire (NW) based semiconductor devices requires deep understanding and technological control of NW growth. Therefore, quantitative feedback over the structure evolution of the NW ensemble during growth is highly desirable. We analyse and compare the methodical potential of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and X-ray diffraction reciprocal space imaging (XRD) for in situ growth characterization during molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE).

On the accuracy of ARIMA based prediction of COVID-19 spread.

COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020, and has infected more than 4 million people worldwide with over 300,000 deaths by early May 2020. Many researchers around the world incorporated various prediction techniques such as Susceptible-Infected-Recovered model, Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered model, and Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average model (ARIMA) to forecast the spread of this pandemic. The ARIMA technique was not heavily used in forecasting COVID-19 by researchers due to the claim that it is not suitable for use in complex and dynamic contexts.

Energy-dispersive X-ray micro Laue diffraction on a bent gold nanowire.

This article reports on energy-dispersive micro Laue (µLaue) diffraction of an individual gold nanowire that was mechanically deformed in three-point bending geometry using an atomic force microscope. The nanowire deformation was investigated by scanning the focused polychromatic X-ray beam along the nanowire and recording µLaue diffraction patterns using an energy-sensitive pnCCD detector that permits measurement of the angular positions of the Laue spots and the energies of the diffracted X-rays simultaneously. The plastic deformation of the nanowire was shown by a bending of up to 3.

Transition from elastic to plastic strain release in core-shell nanowires revealed by in-plane x-ray diffraction.

We investigate the strain evolution and relaxation process as function of increasing lattice mismatch between the GaAs core and surrounding In Ga As shell in core-shell nanowire heterostructures grown on Si(111) substrates. The dimensions of the core and shell are kept constant whereas the indium concentration inside the shell is varied. Measuring the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in-plane Bragg reflections normal to the nanowire side edges and side facets, we observe a transition from elastic to plastic strain release for a shell indium content x > 0.

X-ray diffraction reveals the amount of strain and homogeneity of extremely bent single nanowires.

Core-shell nanowires (NWs) with asymmetric shells allow for strain engineering of NW properties because of the bending resulting from the lattice mismatch between core and shell material. The bending of NWs can be readily observed by electron microscopy. Using X-ray diffraction analysis with a micro- and nano-focused beam, the bending radii found by the microscopic investigations are confirmed and the strain in the NW core is analyzed.