Lessons from the Field: Guam Salt Reduction Campaign.

To lessen the salt-intake of people in Guam for the prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCD) associated with a high sodium diet, the Racial and Ethnic Approach to Community Health (REACH) program and NCD Consortium of the Guam Bureau of Community Health Services (BCHS) formed strategies that encourage healthier eating behavior. Project stakeholders, like restaurants, food services establishments, and vendors, removed salt products from dine-in tables, including saltshakers, soy sauce, and finadene. Combined programmatic efforts resulted in support by 47 restaurants out of 140 restaurants that were approached for the salt reduction initiative: the removal of saltshakers and other high sodium-containing condiments from tables, made available only upon a customer's request.

Fracture Remodeling in Children: Which Fractures Remodel and Which Do Not?

Children have the capacity to remodel fractures because of their active physis and periosteum. Orthopaedic surgeons should be aware of the general guidelines that injuries in younger children, children with less displaced fractures, and children with injuries closer to the growth plate are likely to remodel better than in older children with injuries more distant from the growth plate and with more initial deformity. It is also important to recognize that deformity in the plane of motion is generally better tolerated than deformity outside the plane of motion.

Replication of the Ordered, Nonredundant Library of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA14 Transposon Insertion Mutants.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a phenotypically and genotypically diverse and adaptable Gram-negative bacterium ubiquitous in human environments. P. aeruginosa is able to form biofilms, develop antibiotic resistance, produce virulence factors, and rapidly evolve in the course of a chronic infection.

Proximal femur prosthetic interposition arthroplasty for painful dislocated hips in children with cerebral palsy.

Purpose: Children with cerebral palsy often have musculoskeletal disorders involving the hip. There are several procedures that are commonly used to treat these disorders. Proximal femur prosthetic interposition arthroplasty (PFIA) is an option for non-ambulatory children with cerebral palsy who have a painful, spastic dislocated hip.

Vaccination, underlying comorbidities, and risk of invasive pneumococcal disease.

Objectives: Children with underlying conditions remain at increased risk for invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD). This study describes the epidemiology, serotype distribution, clinical presentations, and outcomes of IPD in children with and without comorbidity.

Methods: Cases of childhood IPD in Massachusetts were identified via enhanced surveillance from 2002 through 2014.

Direct and indirect effects of PCV13 on nasopharyngeal carriage of PCV13 unique pneumococcal serotypes in Massachusetts' children.

Background: The direct impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) on colonization with unique PCV13 serotypes and the uptake of vaccine necessary to create indirect protection in nonimmunized children were assessed.

Methods: Carriage surveillance among children <60 months began in July 2010 at a pediatric practice in Boston, MA. Children had nasopharyngeal cultures and parents completed questionnaires detailing demographics and health status.

Bioinformatic characterization of the trimeric intracellular cation-specific channel protein family.

Trimeric intracellular cation-specific (TRIC) channels are integral to muscle excitation-contraction coupling. TRIC channels provide counter-ionic flux when calcium is rapidly transported from intracellular stores to the cell cytoplasm. Until recently, knowledge of the presence of these proteins was limited to animals.

Fate of the nasal capsular cartilages in prenatal and perinatal tamarins (Saguinus geoffroyi) and extent of secondary pneumatization of maxillary and frontal sinuses.

Development of the nasal capsule cartilages was studied in seven Geoffroy's tamarins (Saguinus geoffroyi), including one fetus, five neonates and one infant. Four additional postnatal specimens of the genus were studied (one 5-month-old and three adults) to determine the magnitude of postnatal expansion of the paranasal sinuses. Alcian blue histochemistry and osteopontin immunohistochemistry were employed in selected subadult specimens to characterize cartilage matrix.