Melatonin improves adverse vascular remodelling and redox homeostasis in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension.

This study explored the effects of melatonin on cardiac and vascular function, and redox homeostasis in model PAH. Male Wistar rats were divided into: control (CTR), monocrotaline [MCT (60 mg/kg, single dose i.p)], monocrotaline + sildenafil [MCT + SIL (50 mg/kg/day)], and monocrotaline + melatonin [MCT + MEL (10 mg/kg/day)].

Impact on parasitemia, survival time and pro-inflammatory immune response in mice infected with treated with .

studies with have demonstrated the antiparasitic activity of , attributed to its naphthoquinones. This study reports on pro-inflammatory changes in mice infected with and correlates these changes with parasitemia and survival. The ethanol extract of (EEEp) was fractionated under reflux to obtain the dichloromethane fraction (FDMEp) and isolated compounds from , relating these to survival time and parasitemia.

Eleutherin and Isoeleutherin Activity against and Strain's: Molecular Docking and Antibacterial Evaluation.

Naphthoquinones eleutherin and isoeleutherin have demonstrated promising antibacterial activity, probably due to their quinone structure, which can generate reactive oxygen species. The study examines the activities of pathogens, such as and , associated with antimicrobial resistance and explores their potential mechanisms of action. The MIC, IC, and MBC were determined.

Treatment with thyroid hormones and grape juice in a model of pulmonary hypertension: the response of apoptosis and inflammation.

This study explored the association of cardioprotective role of thyroid hormones (TH) and benefit effects of grape juice (GJ) on vascular function against the apoptosis and inflammation associated with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). Wistar rats were distributed into five groups: control; PH (MCT 60mg/kg i.p.

Photobiomodulation and Physical Exercise Modulate of Cell Survival Proteins in the Skeletal Muscle of Rats with Heart Failure and Diabetes Mellitus.

Heart failure (HF) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) are global health problems that often lead to muscle atrophy. These conditions are associated with increased autophagy and apoptosis in the muscle cells, resulting in decreased muscle mass. Physical exercise associated with photobiomodulation (PBM) seems promising to attenuate the skeletal muscle changes caused by HF and DM2, due to its direct effects on mitochondria, which may result in an increase in antioxidant capacity.

Melatonin improves nitric oxide bioavailability in isoproterenol induced myocardial injury.

Isoproterenol administration is associated with cardiac inflammation and decreased NO availability. Melatonin has been reported to have cardioprotective effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin on NO bioavailability and inflammation in myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol.

Effects of Pterostilbene on Heart and Lung Oxidative Stress Parameters in 2 Experimental Models of Cardiovascular Disease: Myocardial Infarction and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Myocardial infarction (MI) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are 2 prevalent cardiovascular diseases. In both conditions, oxidative stress is associated with a worse prognosis. Pterostilbene (PTE), an antioxidant compound, has been studied as a possible therapy for cardiovascular diseases.

Effect of free and nanoemulsified β-caryophyllene on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), right ventricular (RV) failure and premature death. Compounds with vasodilatory characteristics, such as β-caryophyllene, could be promising therapeutics for PAH. This study aimed to determine the effects of free and nanoemulsified β-caryophyllene in lung oxidative stress and heart function in PAH rats.

Electric hand warmer versus observation to avoid discomfort during scalp cooling for chemotherapy-induced alopecia prevention: a randomized study.

Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) is a challenge in the management of cancer patients. Scalp cooling (SC) leads to reduction in CIA, however it is associated with significant adverse events, leading to 3-13% discontinuation rates. This pilot study evaluated the role of Electric Hand Warmers (EHW) on thermal (TC), sensorial (SCo) and general comfort (GC) in patients with breast cancer (BC) undergoing chemotherapy and SC to reduce CIA.

The effects of simulated hydropower turbine rapid decompression on two Neotropical fish species.

Barotrauma is a major cause of injury and mortality of fish as they pass through hydropower turbines. Current understanding of hydropower related barotrauma is biased towards northern temperate and southern subtropical species with single chambered swim bladders, specifically North American and Australian species, respectively. Today, unprecedented hydropower development is taking place in Neotropical regions where many species have complex multi-chambered swim bladder architecture.

Participation of Oxidative Stress in the Activity of Compounds Isolated from Herb.

From , naphthoquinones, isoeleutherine, and eleutherol were isolated, and previous studies have reported the antioxidant activity of these metabolites. The present work evaluated the role of oxidative changes in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei and treated with extract, fraction, and isolated compounds, as well as to verify possible oxidative changes induced by these treatments. extracts were prepared from powder from the bulbs, which were submitted to maceration with ethanol, yielding the extract (EEEp), which was fractionated under reflux, and the dichloromethane fraction (FDMEp) was submitted for further fractionation, leading to the isolation of isoeleutherine, eleutherine, and eleutherol.

Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity Evaluation of Lam and In Silico Studies of Its Alkaloids.

The alkaloids isolated from have demonstrated great pharmacological potential; however, the toxic profiles of these extracts and fractions are still not well elucidated. This study evaluated the toxicity of the ethanol extract (EEZR) and neutral (FNZR) and alkaloid (FAZR) fractions. Chemical characterization was performed by chromatographic methods: thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD).

Influence of carvedilol and thyroid hormones on inflammatory proteins and cardioprotective factor HIF-1α in the infarcted heart.

Inflammatory pathways of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and NLRP3 inflammasome contribute to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) pathophysiology. The hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), however, is a key transcription factor related to cardioprotection. This study aimed to compare the influence of carvedilol and thyroid hormones (TH) on inflammatory and HIF-1α proteins and on cardiac haemodynamics in the infarcted heart.

Acute and long-lasting effects of adolescent fluoxetine exposure on feeding behavior in Sprague-Dawley rats.

The antidepressant medication fluoxetine (FLX) is frequently prescribed for the management of mood-related illnesses in the adolescent population-yet its long-term neurobehavioral consequences are not understood. To investigate how juvenile FLX exposure influences feeding behavior in adulthood, we conducted two experiments. In Experiment 1, adolescent male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with 20 mg/kg/day FLX (postnatal day [PND] 35-49) and exposed to a binge access paradigm in adulthood (PND72+) to evaluate potential alterations for sweetened-fat preference.

Chemical composition and antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil of Hyptis crenata Pohl ex Benth. from the Brazilian Amazon.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The leaf tea of Hyptis crenata has its practical use in the Brazilian Amazon for treating gastrointestinal and liver disorders, sweating induction, and as an anti-inflammatory.

Aim Of The Study: Evaluation of the chemical composition, acute oral toxicity, and antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the H. crenata essential oil.

Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Characterization in Adults and Subgroups aged < 60 years and ≥ 60 years in Bogota, Colombia.

Background: There is scarce information on the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among adults in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to describe the clinical outcomes and microbiological characteristics associated with IPD in adults and subgroups aged 18-59 years and ≥60 years in Colombia.

Methods: A retrospective chart review study was conducted in five institutions of Bogotá from January 2011 to December 2017.

Intoxication by 3-MeO-PCP and O-desmethyltramadol: an unusual NPS mix.

Over the past few years, the new psychoactive substances' phenomenon has been continuously studied. Its dynamic context is characterized by a broad diversity of substances, including several groups, such as synthetic cathinones, synthetic opiates, and synthetic cannabinoids. However, and due both to this diversity and to the low number of detected cases, information on intoxication reports is always important, in order to understand their biological mechanisms.

Evidence of multiple paternity for the endemic Xingu River stingray.

Multiple paternity (MP) is a phenomenon observed for more than 30 elasmobranch species. The Batoidea is more specious than the Selachii, but only three studies of MP have been conducted on batoids. The occurrence of MP in freshwater stingrays was tested using microsatellite markers, which were developed for Potamotrygon leopoldi.

Pterostilbene Reduces Experimental Myocardial Infarction-Induced Oxidative Stress in Lung and Right Ventricle.

Background: Pterostilbene (PS), a natural and antioxidant polyphenolic compound emerges as a promising intervention in improving the myocardial infarction (MI) damages.

Objetives: This study aimed to evaluate PS actions in promoting redox homeostasis in lungs and right ventricle (RV) of infarcted animals.

Methods: Male Wistar rats (60 day-old) were randomized into three groups: SHAM, MI (infarcted), and MI+PS (MI+pterostilbene).

Fibrotic alterations in human annulus fibrosus correlate with progression of intervertebral disc herniation.

Background: Intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation is characterized by annulus fibrosus failure (AF) in containing the nucleus pulposus (NP). IVD herniation involves cellular and extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations that have been associated with tissue fibrosis, although still poorly investigated.

Methods: Here, fibrotic alterations in human AF were evaluated, by characterizing the herniated ECM.

Building Sustainable Organizational and Community Capacity for Research Partnerships: A Decade of Experience.

The purpose of this article is to share community partner perspectives of impact and lessons learned from a decade long community-academic partnership between the Collaborative Center for Health Equity at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and the United Community Center/Centro de la Comunidad Unida, a nonprofit community-based organization providing services across the lifespan for Latino communities of Milwaukee. The partnership was established in 2010 to support bidirectional communication, trust building and mutual benefit though community engaged research and collaborative student teaching. Over the years, we have achieved a variety of outcomes on both sides of the partnership.

The brief methylprednisolone administration is crucial to mitigate cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the major causes of heart failure and mortality. Glucocorticoids administration post-infarction has long been proposed, but it has shown conflicting results so far. This controversy may be associated with the glucocorticoid type and the period when it is administered.

Toxicity evaluation of Herb. extracts and possible cell death mechanism.

has been shown to be a promising medicinal plant, and its activity has been associated with naphthoquinones. The present study aimed at evaluating the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and oral toxicity of the ethanol extract (EEEp), dichloromethane fraction (FDMEp) of , and isoeleutherin. For the cytotoxicity evaluation, the viability test (MTT) was used.

Hydraulic and auto-depurative characteristics of the Gualaxo do Norte River after the Fundão dam rupture.

The hydraulic characteristics of the Gualaxo do Norte River (RGN), a tributary of the upper Rio Doce basin, were affected in November 2015 by the rupture of the iron ore tailings dam at Fundão, in Bento Rodrigues, Mariana, Minas Gerais. We analyzed two sections of the RGN, located upstream and downstream of the Fundão dam. Measurements were taken at 11 stations along the main river in distinct seasonal periods, including river depth, river width, velocity, and flow.

A Case Report of Bilateral Phrenic Nerve Dysfunction After Unilateral Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block: Unveiling Preexisting Diaphragmatic Dysfunction.

A 48-year-old woman with a history of cardiac surgery developed severe dyspnea and anxiety following right-sided supraclavicular nerve block for hand surgery. In this case, right phrenic nerve blockade from a supraclavicular block unmasked a subclinical hemidiaphragmatic paresis from phrenic nerve injury on the left, the latter likely due to previous cardiac surgery. When performing brachial plexus block at or above the clavicle, particularly for prior cardiothoracic surgical patients, anesthesiologists can easily, quickly, and inexpensively use point-of-care ultrasound to assess whether any degree of phrenic nerve dysfunction exists on the contralateral side, as patients may be asymptomatic at baseline.