[Combined treatment of arteriovenous malformations of the head and neck].

An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a vascular developmental abnormality conditioned by impaired embryonic morphogenesis and characterized by the development of an abnormal connection between arteries and veins. More than 50% of the total number of patients suffering from this pathology are those having the pathological foci localizing in the area of the head and neck. At present, a combined method is both a generally accepted and the most radical one used for treatment for AVM.

[Evaluation by humans of signals modulating different sound movement directions and particulars of perception of such signals in patients with temporal epilepsy].

In patients with epileptic lesions in the hippocampus as well as in the temporal lobe and hippocampus simultaneously, studies were made on the perception of sound signals imitating sound source movement. It was established that hippocampal lesion results in disturbance of estimation of sound spatial characteristics which manifests in a change accuracy of localization and shortening of subjective sound image movement trajectory. Maximum disturbances of localization function are observed during lesions of hippocampus and temporal lobe.

[Event-related potentials of human brain in spatial hearing].

The review presents the data concerning auditory event-related potentials and their "mismatch negativity" component under conditions of stationary and moving sound source localization. Both free-field and dichotic experimental conditions are considered. The interhemispheric asymmetry of the brain responses elicited by the sound sources of various spatial properties is also discussed.

[About functional evolution of peripheral part of the auditory system].

Functional evolution of the peripheral part of the auditory system is considered. The key point of the appearance of a possibility of analysis of sound waves is formation in the course of evolution of cells with protoplasmic processes (sensillae)--the hair cells--that are transformed into auditory receptors. The fundamental moment is the emergence in evolution of the specialized ionic medium (endolymph) surrounding the auditory receptors.

[The cat acoustic cortex response to the signal localised signs under conditions of electrical stimulation of the acoustic nerve and sound stimulation].

The mechanisms underlying acoustic capacity to localize the sound source in horizontal plane were studied. The results obtained are discussed from the aspect of existing ideas of the mechanisms providing the localization acoustic capacities in natural way of stimulation in neuronal activity of the acoustic centres. The data obtained are also considered from the viewpoint of a possible considerable improvement of deaf people's spatial orientation with the aid of bilateral implanted cochlear implants.

[First experience of supraclavicular flap application for the closure of defects localized in the lower third of the face and neck].

First experience of the supraclavicular flap transposition for closure of superficial, but extended, defects of the soft tissues in the lower third of face and neck region in 6 patients is presented. In all the patients good functional and cosmetic result was achieved.

[Venous forms of the inborn vascular malformations of the lower extremities. Diagnosis and surgical treatment].

Pathogenetically substantiated approach, using surgical, laser and echosclerosing methods, was applied for improvement of the treatment results in patients, suffering venous forms of the inborn vascular malformations of the lower extremities. The results of examination and treatment in 2006-2009 period were analyzed in 98 patients. The stem malformations with superficial venous system affection was diagnosed in 59 (60.

[Discrimination of the dynamic properties of sound source spatial location in humans (electrophysiology and psychophysics)].

The spatial resolution of human auditory system has been studied while the localization of sound source has been changed according to the different temporal patterns of interaural time delay. Two experimental procedures have been run in the same group of subjects: psychophysical procedure (the transformed staircase method) and electrophysiological one (which requires recording of mismatch negativity, the auditory evoked response component). It has been established that 1) the magnitude of the mismatch negativity reflects the extent of spatial deviance of the sound source 2) the mismatch negativity is elicited even at minimal (20 micros) interaural time delays under both temporal patterns (abrupt azimuth change and gradual sound movement at various velocities) 3) the abrupt change of the sound source azimuth results in greater mismatch negativity than the gradual sound movement does, if the interaural time delay exceeds 40 micros 4) the discrimination threshold values of the interaural delay obtained in the psychophysical procedure are greater than the minimal interaural delays that elicit the mismatch negativity, with the exception of the expert listeners who has shown no significant difference.

[Localization of virtual stimuli moving in the median plane by listeners of different age].

Capability for identification of direction of movement of sound images (upward or downward) was studied in listeners of two age groups: 19- 27-year-old (11 subjects) and 55- 73-year-old (9 subjects). Various sound models of movement in the median plane were used as stimuli. Initially, a model of movement was developed based on filtration of broadband noise pulses by sets of non-individualized.

[Inertial processes in the auditory system during localization of moving sound sources].

The significant role of inertial features of the auditory system in localization of moving sound sources is presented. This inertia requires some time of observation about the movement in space of the auditory signals. Slower time of estimation of the localizing features of the moving sound source (as comparing with the unmoving one) is followed by the appearance of new important possibility of the auditory system, namely in perception and analysis of the parameters of moving sound sources.

[Possibilities of reconstructive plastic surgery in the treatment of vascular malformations of the head region].

Results of treatment of 19 patients, suffering vascular malformation of the head region, were analyzed. Application of a new highly informative diagnostic methods of surgical intervention differential methods have promoted significant clinical improvement.

[Perception of short musical fragments by hypomaniac patients].

Emotional assessment of short fragments from pieces of chamber music was studied in patients in steady elated mood (hypomaniac). Six fragments, assessed by healthy subjects as emotionally positive, neutral or negative were used. The examined subjects were shown to be capable for an emotional assessment of the musical fragments.

[Clinical and ultrasonographic diagnosis of angiodysplasia].

Diagnosis and treatment of the inborn angiodysplasia constitutes the complex problem of vascular surgery. Of the multiple causes, conditioned by such the state of the issue, it is necessary to stress such as unsatisfactory knowledge of physician, the absence of strict diagnostic criterions, the attempts of the pathology elimination by specialists of various disciplines. The aim of the investigation was to determine the principal clinical and ultrasonographic criterions, permitting to reveal vascular malformation rapidly and objectively, to differentiate its type, the spreading, to characterize hemodynamical disorders.

[The effect of auditory image moving in vertical plane upon posture responses of humans].

The influence of sound image motion on postural reactions was studied. The movement of sound source was created by successive switching of the loudspeakers situated over the arc in sagittal plane. Movement duration of sound stimulus was 1.

[Tendencies in auditory physiology].

Main tendencies in studying of human and animals auditory system with psychoacoustical and electrophysiologycal methods are considered. Concerning psychoacoustical studies some basic data are presented as well as contemporary tendencies in hearing physiology in analysis of the intensity, frequency, temporal characteristics of the sound signals and data related to such phenomena as masking and adaptation. Data concerning directional hearing are presented in detail as a basis of auditory virtual reality.

[Role of phasic changes in sound signal in localization of auditory image].

The work presents experimental data on certain changes in electrical responses of the auditory system's midbrain centre in a contraphasic binaural presentation of sound impulse series. Neuronal cortical activity is selective in respect to dynamic interaural changes of signals' phasic spectre which may serve as a basis for the mechanisms of localising a moving source of sound. Human auditory evoked potentials reveal a manifestation of memorizing the auditory image movement direction as shown by appearance of stimuli deviant from standard mismatch negativity.