Incidence and risk factors for colorectal cancer in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. There is a significant burden of mortality from colorectal cancer in Africa. Due to the heterogeneity of dietary and lifestyle practices throughout Africa, our work sought to define risk factors for the development of CRC in the African continent.

Costs of Community-Based Viral Hepatitis Screening in Cameroon Using Point-of-Care Technologies.

This cost analysis of a community-based viral hepatitis screening program in Cameroon found an investment of $3.52 per person screened, $50.63 per new diagnosis of hepatitis B, $159.

Knowledge and approach towards Helicobacter pylori diagnosis and management among primary care physicians in Cameroon: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Low- and middle-income countries have a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection (HPI). In Cameroon, the majority of HPIs are diagnosed and treated by primary care physicians (PCPs). We sought to assess the knowledge and practices of PCPs in the diagnosis and management of HPI in Cameroon.

Gamification as an educational tool to address antimicrobial resistance: a systematic review.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious threat to global healthcare, and inadequate education has been identified as a major challenge by the WHO. The human , animal and agricultural sectors contribute to the emergence of AMR. Gamification has emerged as an innovative tool to improve knowledge and change behaviours.

Assessment of the knowledge, attitudes and perceived quality of education about antimicrobial use and resistance of medical students in Zambia, Southern Africa.

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health threat, particularity in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) where antibiotics are readily available, leading to antibiotic misuse. Educational interventions are lacking in Zambia. Our study assessed antimicrobial use and resistance knowledge, attitude and perceived quality of education relating to AMR in Zambian medical schools.

Systematic review of cholangiocarcinoma in Africa: epidemiology, management, and clinical outcomes.

Background: The prevalence, management, and clinical outcomes of cholangiocarcinoma in Africa are unknown. The aim is to conduct a comprehensive systematic review on the epidemiology, management, and outcomes of cholangiocarcinoma in Africa.

Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and CINHAL from inception up to November 2019 for studies on cholangiocarcinoma in Africa.

Antimicrobial resistance from a One Health perspective in Zambia: a systematic review.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is widely acknowledged as a global health problem, yet its extent is not well evaluated, especially in low-middle income countries. It is challenging to promote policies without focusing on healthcare systems at a local level, therefore a baseline assessment of the AMR occurrence is a priority. This study aimed to look at published papers relating to the availability of AMR data in Zambia as a means of establishing an overview of the situation, to help inform future decisions.

Factors associated with hepatitis B and C among adults in Buea, Cameroon: A community-based cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Viral hepatitis is a major cause of death in Africa. A paucity of community-based studies on the determinants of viral hepatitis in Africa impedes efforts to appropriately target prevention, screening, and treatment interventions. We assessed factors associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a semi-urban health district in Cameroon.

Descriptive analysis of esophageal cancer in Zambia using the cancer disease hospital database: young age, late stage at presentation.

Introduction: published data on oesophageal cancer (EC) in Zambia is limited and our study is the only study in Zambia evaluating the demographics and clinicopathologic features of patients presenting with EC at time of diagnosis.

Methods: a retrospective analysis of data from Cancer Diseases Hospital (CDH) database was conducted on EC patients diagnosed between 2007 and December 2018. Medical records of EC patients were manually retrieved and reviewed using medical record numbers identified from the CDH database.

Continuing Medical Education Questions: July 2021.

Article Title: Spontaneous internal pancreatic fistulae complicating acute pancreatitis.

How Would You Manage This Patient With Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding? : Grand Rounds Discussion From Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.

Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding is common, morbid, and potentially fatal. Cornerstones of inpatient management include fluid resuscitation; blood transfusion; endoscopy; and initiation of proton-pump inhibitor therapy, which continues in an individualized manner based on risk factors for recurrent bleeding in the outpatient setting. The International Consensus Group released guidelines on the management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in 2019.

Endoscopic management and clinical outcomes of obstructive jaundice.

Background: This study aimed at evaluating the endoscopic management and clinical outcomes in patients with obstructive jaundice undergoing Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) within a newly established apprenticeship teaching model at an academic centre in a resource-limited setting.

Materials And Methods: We employed an apprenticeship-style model of ERCP training with graded responsibility, multidisciplinary group feedback and short-interval repetition. We collected sociodemographic and clinicopathologic data on consecutive patients who underwent ERCP from March 2018 to February 2020.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of esophageal cancer in Africa: Epidemiology, risk factors, management and outcomes.

Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) is associated with a poor prognosis, particularly so in Africa where an alarmingly high mortality to incidence ratio prevails for this disease.

Aim: To provide further understanding of EC in the context of the unique cultural and genetic diversity, and socio-economic challenges faced on the African continent.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of studies from Africa to obtain data on epidemiology, risk factors, management and outcomes of EC.

Descriptive analysis of colorectal cancer in Zambia, Southern Africa using the National Cancer Disease Hospital Database.

Introduction: Colon cancer is preventable. There is a plethora of data regarding epidemiology and screening guidelines, however this data is sparse from the African continent. Objective: we aim to evaluate the trends of colorectal cancer (CRC) in a native African population based on age at diagnosis, gender and stage at diagnosis.

Lumen apposing metal stents for pancreatic fluid collections: Recognition and management of complications.

For patients recovering from acute pancreatitis, the development of a pancreatic fluid collection (PFC) predicts a more complex course of recovery, and introduces difficult management decisions with regard to when, whether, and how the collection should be drained. Most PFCs resolve spontaneously and drainage is indicated only in pseudocysts and walled-off pancreatic necrosis when the collections are causing symptoms and/or local complications such as biliary obstruction. Historical approaches to PFC drainage have included surgical (open or laparoscopic cystgastrostomy or pancreatic debridement), and the placement of percutaneous drains.

The Clinical Implications of Fatty Pancreas: A Concise Review.

Fatty pancreas is a newly recognized condition which is poorly investigated until today as compared to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. It is characterized by pancreatic fat accumulation and subsequent development of pancreatic and metabolic complications. Association of fatty pancreas have been described with type 2 diabetes mellitus, acute and chronic pancreatitis and even pancreatic carcinoma.

ASA Classification Pre-Endoscopic Procedures: A Retrospective Analysis on the Accuracy of Gastroenterologists.

Objectives: Before an endoscopic procedure, an evaluation to assess the risk of sedation is performed by the gastroenterologist. To risk stratify based on medical problems, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification scores are used routinely in the preprocedure evaluation. The objective of our study was to evaluate among physicians the ASA score accuracy pre-endoscopic procedures.

Pancreatic Cancer Survival Outcomes at a Tertiary Medical Center Based on Sex and Geographic Location.

Objectives: To describe the survival outcomes of patients with histologically proven primary pancreatic cancer based on geographic location and sex.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of medical records from 2009 through 2013 of patients with pancreatic cancer using code 157.9 and code C 25.

Serological response to Epstein-Barr virus early antigen is associated with gastric cancer and human immunodeficiency virus infection in Zambian adults: a case-control study.

Introduction: Gastric cancer is one of the major causes of cancer related deaths, but data from sub-Saharan Africa are very scanty. The cancer genome atlas (TCGA) initiative confirmed Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) related cancer as a distinct subtype, and we set out to look for serological evidence of its role in a sub-Saharan African patient group.

Methods: We used stored serum samples obtained from a gastric cancer case-control study conducted between 2010 and 2012 in Lusaka, Zambia.

Esophageal squamous cell cancer in a highly endemic region.

Aim: To identify risk factors associated with esophageal cancer in Zambia and association between dietary intake and urinary 8-iso prostaglandin F2α (8-isoPGF2α).

Methods: We conducted a prospective, case control study at the University Teaching Hospital. Subjects included both individuals admitted to the hospital and those presenting for an outpatient upper endoscopy.

Prophylactic tracheal intubation for upper GI bleeding: A meta-analysis.

Aim: To evaluate usefulness of prophylactically intubating upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) patients.

Methods: UGIB results in a significant number of hospital admissions annually with endoscopy being the key intervention. In these patients, risks are associated with the bleeding and the procedure, including pulmonary aspiration.