Pregnant women's access to PMTCT and ART services in South Africa and implications for universal antiretroviral treatment.

Objectives: We describe pregnant womens' access to PMTCT and HAART services and associated birth outcomes in South Africa.

Methods: Women recuperating in postnatal wards of a referral hospital participated in an evaluation during February-May 2010 during which their maternity records were examined to describe their access to VCT, CD4 Counts, dual ART or HAART during pregnancy.

Results: Of the 1609 women who participated in this evaluation, 39% (95%CI36.

Education attainment and the risk of HIV-1 infections in rural Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania, 1991-2005: a reversed association.

Objective: Previous studies found educated individuals to have higher risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection in Africa. A reverse in this association was predicted. We investigated the change in this association from 1991 to 2005 in a rural population in Tanzania.

Psychosocial factors and distress: a comparison between ethnic Norwegians and ethnic Pakistanis in Oslo, Norway.

Background: In the Norwegian context, higher mental distress has been reported for the non-Western immigrants compared to the ethnic Norwegians and Western immigrants. This high level of distress is often related to different socio-economic conditions in this group. No efforts have been made earlier to observe the impact of changed psychosocial conditions on the state of mental distress of these immigrant communities due to the migration process.