Advances in Theranostic Approaches and Emerging Biomarkers of Diabetes Mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic conditions in the world [...

Effect of sodium glucose Co-transporter 2 inhibitor use on anthropometric measurements and blood glucose in obese and non-obese type 2 diabetic patients.

Background: Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are closely associated with each other and require careful management. This study aimed to assess the impact of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on glycemic control and body composition in diabetic patients, stratified by obesity status.

Methods: We enrolled patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, categorized as obese (BMI≥30) or non-obese (BMI<30), from our outpatient clinic.

Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score is a novel marker of type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic microvascular complications.

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its microvascular complications are characterized by chronic inflammation. The Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score is a tool used to assess nutritional status and is often associated indirectly with inflammatory processes. We aimed to compare the CONUT scores of T2DM patients with those of healthy volunteers and to compare T2DM patients with and without microvascular complications.

Serum C-reactive protein to albumin ratio as a reliable marker of diabetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

In various diseases characterized by inflammation, the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) serves as a marker of inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is frequently complicated by diabetic neuropathy (DN) and timely diagnosis is crucial for treatment and potential reversal of this complication. Since both DN and T2DM are associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation, our study aimed to evaluate CAR levels in type 2 diabetic subjects with DN and compare them to those in subjects without DN.

SERUM URIC ACID TO HDL CHOLESTEROL RATIO IS ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETIC CONTROL IN NEW ONSET TYPE 2 DIABETIC POPULATION.

Since uric acid to HDL cholesterol ratio (UHR) is proposed as a novel predictor of metabolic and inflammatory disorders, we aimed to study UHR levels in patients with new onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and compare them to those in healthy controls. Patients with new onset T2DM were enrolled and control subjects were volunteers to participate without any established diseases. Laboratory data including UHR, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were compared.

A novel marker for prediabetic conditions: Uric acid-to-HDL cholesterol ratio.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify a parameter that can facilitate the diagnosis of prediabetes and predict the likelihood of its development in individuals at high risk.

Methods: In this retrospective study, the study population was selected from Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital's patients. Participants were divided into two groups, prediabetes and healthy group.

Current usage of long-acting insulin analogs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: Insulin treatment is fundamental to diabetes management. Basal insulin therapy reduces intraday glycemic fluctuations upon reaching a steady state. Besides better blood glucose regulation and achieving target HbA1c values in patients, it also offers protection from diabetes complications.

Could a reduced hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score predict autoimmune hepatitis and degree of liver fibrosis?

Objective: Autoimmune hepatitis is a rare inflammatory disease of the liver that is characterized by elevated liver enzymes. The hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet score, which is derived from hemoglobin, serum albumin, circulating lymphocyte count, and platelet count, is also associated with inflammatory conditions. The aim was to examine the hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet score of patients with autoimmune hepatitis and to compare it to that of healthy individuals in this retrospective analysis.

Is the prognostic nutritional index a predictor of Covid-19 related hospitalizations and mortality?

Introduction: Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is a novel inflammation marker that useful in predicting prognosis of certain conditions. We aimed to study PNI of the outpatient and inpatient subjects with established Covid-19 and also aimed to compare PNI of deceased and survived Covid-19 patients.

Methods: The patients with Covid-19 whom presented to outpatient or inpatient clinics of Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital were enrolled to the study.

Control Level of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Elderly Is Associated with Polypharmacy, Accompanied Comorbidities, and Various Increased Risks According to the Beers Criteria.

Comorbidity rates in the geriatric population have increased because of rising life expectancy; thus, patients have had to use more medications. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, one of the most common diseases, may influence the number of drugs used in geriatric patients. The present study was designed to investigate the association between the level of type 2 DM and polypharmacy.

Association between the Prognostic Nutritional Index and Chronic Microvascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is associated with inflammatory conditions. Since type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its microvascular complications produce a significant inflammatory burden, we aimed to compare the PNI levels of the subjects with T2DM to those of healthy individuals. Furthermore, we aimed to compare the PNI levels of the diabetic subjects, with and without microvascular complications.

'Immune-inflammatory markers & clinical characteristics for outcomes in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected patients of Pakistan: a retrospective analysis'.

Objective: Accumulating evidence suggests the role of immune-inflammatory markers in early risk stratification and prognostication of COVID-19 patients. We aimed to evaluate their association with severity and the development of diagnostic scores with optimal thresholds in critical patients.

Setting And Participants: This retrospective case study includes hospitalized COVID-19 patients from March 2019 to March, 2022, in the developing area teaching hospital in Pakistan.

Is serum uric acid-to-HDL cholesterol ratio elevation associated with diabetic kidney injury?

Objectives: Diabetic kidney injury (DKI) is a serious microvascular complicationof type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Novel markers are being developedto make a timely diagnosis of this complication. Uric Acid to HDLratio (UHR) was reported to be associated with inflammatory andmetabolic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetesmellitus, thyroiditis, and nonalcoholic hepatosteatosis, recently.

Treatment of type 2 diabetes patients with heart conditions.

Introduction: While type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of cardiac complications, diabetes treatment choices may increase or decrease the rates of cardiac events. In the present review, we comprehensively discussed the treatment options of diabetic subjects with cardiac conditions.

Areas Covered: Current evidence related to diabetes treatment in cardiac situations has been reviewed.

A Novel Inflammatory Marker for the Diagnosis of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Platelet-Count-to-Lymphocyte-Count Ratio.

Background: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a chronic autoimmune thyroiditis that causes systemic inflammation in the body, leading to hypothyroidism and an enlargement of the thyroid gland.

Objectives: This study aims to reveal whether there is a relationship between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and the platelet-count-to-lymphocyte-count ratio (PLR), which is used as a new inflammatory marker.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we compared the PLR of the euthyroid HT group and the hypothyroid-thyrotoxic HT group to the controls.

Analysis of the patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding and comparison of Rockall and Glasgow-Blatchford scores.

Background: Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGB) has important morbidity and mortality. Predicting high-risk patients for mortality and rebleeding is necessary for a treatment plan. In the present study, we aimed to define the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of patients presenting with nonvariceal UGB and to observe mortality and morbidity rates.

C-reactive protein-to-lymphocyte ratio is a reliable marker in patients with COVID-19 infection: the CLEAR COVID study.

Objective: COVID-19 infection is characterized with elevation of inflammatory markers in bloodstream. A novel inflammatory marker, C-reactive protein (CRP)-to-lymphocyte ratio (CLR), is suggested to be associated with inflammation. We aimed to compare the CLR values of the deceased COVID-19 patients to the CLR of survived subjects.

Relationship between frailty, according to three frail scores, and clinical and laboratory parameters of the geriatric patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The term "frailty in the elderly" has become increasingly important with the increase of the elderly population, especially in diabetic subjects. Frailty is established by various scoring scales, such as Edmonton, Frail, and Prisma-7 scores.

A Case of Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis due to Empagliflozin Use in a Patient with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis is characterised by serum blood glucose <250 mg/dl, arterial blood pH <7.35, and the presence of ketones in urine or blood. Here, we present a 36-year female with type-1 diabetes mellitus, a case of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis, who was admitted to the emergency unit with nausea, vomiting, and confusion after using empagliflozin, which was added to her treatment one month ago.

C-reactive protein to lymphocyte count ratio is a promising novel marker in hepatitis C infection: the clear hep-c study.

Objective: Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is one of the most important health problems affecting the significant rate of world population and it may lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. C-reactive protein to lymphocyte count ratio (CLR) is used in estimating inflammatory burden. Therefore, this study aimed to compare CLR values between CHC patients and healthy controls and between CHC patients with and without fibrosis.

Poorly controlled hypertension is associated with elevated serum uric acid to HDL-cholesterol ratio: a cross-sectional cohort study.

Objectives: The diagnosis and follow-up of hypertension (HT) depend on the blood pressure measurements, which can be affected by several factors. In the present work, we aimed to explore the role of uric acid/HDL-cholesterol ratio (UHR) in HT and whether/or not it was associated with poor blood pressure control.

Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional cohort study, all the participants treated for hypertension and then followed up in the internal medicine clinics of our institution were enrolled.

Clinical Findings in Pheochromocytoma.

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