Use of large language models as artificial intelligence tools in academic research and publishing among global clinical researchers.

With breakthroughs in Natural Language Processing and Artificial Intelligence (AI), the usage of Large Language Models (LLMs) in academic research has increased tremendously. Models such as Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) are used by researchers in literature review, abstract screening, and manuscript drafting. However, these models also present the attendant challenge of providing ethically questionable scientific information.

A problem of self-isolation in Japan: The relationship between self-isolation and COVID-19 community case.

The Japanese government advised mild or asymptomatic coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) cases to self-isolate at home, while more severe individuals were treated at health posts. Poor compliance with self-isolation could be a potential reason for the new outbreak. Our study aimed to find out the correlation between the rising new cases of COVID-19 and home-based patients in Japan.

Oral-Ocular Synkinesis in a 21-Year Old Female Head Trauma Patient Following Facial Nerve Decompression Surgery.

Facial synkinesis can happen as a negative event following the recovery of facial nerve paralysis. In this case report, five months after right facial nerve decompression surgery following right sided head trauma, a 21-year-old female patient developed oral-ocular synkinesis. During her attempt to voluntarily smile, she experienced uncontrolled winking of her right eye.

Identifying SARS-CoV2 transmission cluster category: An analysis of country government database.

Background: As a result of the high contagiousness and transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2, studying the location of the case clusters that will follow, will help understand the risk factors related to the disease transmission. In this study, we aim to identify the transmission cluster category and settings that can guide decision-makers which areas to be opened again.

Methods: A thorough review of the literature and the media articles were performed.

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Comprehensive Review of Clinical Presentation.

COVID-19 is a rapidly growing pandemic with its first case identified during December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Due to the rampant rise in the number of cases in China and globally, WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic on 11th March 2020. The disease is transmitted via respiratory droplets of infected patients during coughing or sneezing and affects primarily the lung parenchyma.

Reduction in energy for electrochemical disinfection of in urine simulant.

Abstract: We report the development of novel modes of operation for electrochemical disinfection of in human urine simulant with an aim to minimize the energy required for disinfection. The system employs boron-doped diamond electrodes and will be part of an energy neutral, water and additive free outdoor toilet being developed for use in developing countries. Disinfection had been previously demonstrated with voltage being continuously applied to the electrode until disinfection was achieved.

Activation of Molecular Hydrogen by Arylcarbenes.

The hydrogenation reactions of diphenylcarbene 1, fluorenylidene 2, and dibenzocycloheptadienylidene 3 were investigated in solid H and D matrices and in H - and D -doped argon matrices at cryogenic temperatures. The reactivity of the carbenes towards H increases in the order 1<3<2. Whereas 1 is stable in solid H , 2 and 3 react fast under the same conditions via quantum chemical tunneling.

Reactions of Arylcarbenes with Lewis Acids.

The reactions of the three triplet ground state arylcarbenes diphenylcarbene 1, fluorenylidene 2, and dibenzocycloheptadienylidene 3 with the Lewis acids H O, ICF , and BF were studied under the conditions of matrix isolation. H O was selected as typical hydrogen bond donor, ICF as halogen bond donor, and BF as strong Lewis acid. H O forms hydrogen-bonded complexes of the singlet carbenes with 1 and 2, but not with 3.

Matrix Isolation Infrared and Ab Initio Study of the Interaction of N-Heterocyclic Carbene with Water and Methanol: A Case Study of a Strong Hydrogen Bond.

This study reports, for the first time, the experimental study of the hydrogen-bonded complexes of HO and MeOH with 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene, which is a dimethyl-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene, using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy. The hydrogen bond was found to be established between the carbene carbon and the hydrogen in the O-H group of HO or MeOH. The hydrogen-bonded complexes of N-heterocyclic carbenes are significantly stronger than many conventional hydrogen-bonded systems, as is evidenced by the large red shifts observed in the infrared frequencies of complexed HO and MeOH.

Enhanced electron transfer kinetics through hybrid graphene-carbon nanotube films.

We report the first study of the electrochemical reactivity of a graphenated carbon nanotube (g-CNT) film. The electron transfer kinetics of the ferri-ferrocyanide couple were examined for a g-CNT film and compared to the kinetics to standard carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The g-CNT film exhibited much higher catalytic activity, with a heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant, k, approximately two orders of magnitude higher than for standard CNTs.

Perspectives on the Growth of High Edge Density Carbon Nanostructures: Transitions from Vertically Oriented Graphene Nanosheets to Graphenated Carbon Nanotubes.

Insights into the growth of high edge density carbon nanostructures were achieved by a systematic parametric study of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Such structures are important for electrode performance in a variety of applications such as supercapacitors, neural stimulation, and electrocatalysis. A morphological trend was observed as a function of temperature whereby graphenated carbon nanotubes (g-CNTs) emerged as an intermediate structure between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at lower temperatures and vertically oriented carbon nanosheets (CNS), composed of few-layered graphene, at higher temperatures.

Effect of porosity variation on the electrochemical behavior of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

Electrochemical charge storage characteristics of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a function of varying diameter and spacing are reported. It was observed that the specific capacitance of the MWCNTs increased as both diameter and inter-tube spacing decreased. The MWCNT films with 229 nm inter-MWCNT spacing exhibited specific capacitance of 228 F/g versus 70 F/g for 506 nm spacing, when tested in a non-aqueous electrolyte.