[The pathogenesis of intrauterine infections].

The placenta is a specific organ of extracorporeal immunity. It has a tissue-blood barrier that protects a developing fetus against infectious agents. Owing to this, placental infection is not fatal to a fetus and always falls far short of intrauterine infection.

[Chronic EBV-infection in children with a high level of anti-H+/K+-ATPhase antibodies in gastric parietal].

We examined 50 children at the age of 4-17 suffering from chronic gastritis. AntiH+/K+-ATPhase antibodies of gastric parietal cells, anti-EBV antibodies IgG EA and IgM VCA were determined with the help of immune-enzyme analysis methods. The first group comprised 28 children with a high level of antiparietal antibodies in the blood serum, and 22 children with a normal level of antiparietal antibodies made up the second group.

[A virological description of serous meningitis in children immunized with vaccine against epidemic parotitis].

The morbidity structure was analyzed in children vaccinated against epidemic parotitis in 1993-2002. Eight children (4 with serous meningitis and 4 with lesions of the salivary glands) underwent virologic and immunologic examinations. The molecular typing of the SH-gene fragment of the parotitis virus showed the process in 7 cases to be provoked by the vaccination strain.

[New data on the development of complications during epidemiological parotitis in children].

The main factors in the pathogenesis of complicated parotitis virus infection are increased virus reproduction in the salivary gland, inhibited by the production of alpha-interferon at early stages of the infectious process. Entry of the virus into the CNS is caused by slight penetration of antiparotitis antibodies through the blood-brain barrier and by poor formation of specific immune complexes at the site of primary virus reproduction and in the liquor. Interferon therapy of patients with parotitis virus infection corrects the chain of processes in the pathogenesis.

[Variants of immune response in children with acute respiratory viral infections].

Four patterns of changes in the proliferative activity of T-lymphocytes in the lymphocyte blastogenesis test with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) are distinguished in children with acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI). The differences between these patterns are due to aggravated clinical severity of the infection process and enhancement of the cytokine reaction of macrophage monocytes. Comparison of immunological characteristics of response to ARVI in 4 groups of children showed that high reactivity of T-lymphocytes during the acute phase of disease (first and third variants) correlated with a relatively weak production of immunoglobulins and antiviral antibodies, while the suppression of T-lymphocyte response to PHA (second and fourth variants) is associated with expressed humoral profile of immune response by the level of immunoglobulin and antiviral antibody production.

[Broadening of the organ specificity of the action of polynucleotide interferon inducers].

Interferon titers in the blood and brain of mice and their protection from the herpes virus were compared after the animal exposure to poly(G).poly(C) duplex, both native and modified with cis-diammine dichloroplatinum (II). It was shown that the duplex platination especially at the level of the poly(G) strand resulted in sharp rising of the interferon titers in the extracts of the animal brain and rearrangement of the types of interferon induced in the brain to predominance of gamma-interferon.

[The use of a modified complement fixation reaction for the rapid diagnosis of viral infections in children].

A system of diagnostic tests (complement enzyme assay) is developed, detecting viral and other antigens, toxins, antibodies, and specific immune complexes in liquid enzyme immunoassay based on the complement fixation test. The system is simple and economic, the results can be transferred into digital data, and the above factors can be detected individually in biological materials from patients. The system is effective, and in many cases (for example, in the diagnosis of enteroviral diseases) is the only method for rapid isolation and typing of the infection agents.

[Antiviral activity of poly(A)-poly(U) duplexes modified with cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum (II)].

Polyribonucleotide duplex poly(A).poly(U) was modified with cis-diammine dichloroplatinum (II) (cis-DDP). It was shown that the antiinfluenza protective activity of the modified duplex in mice increased with the degree of modification (rb) rising up to 0.

[Antitumor activity of cold-adapted strains of influenza virus in a model transformed murine tumor cells].

Influenza virus suppressed tumor growth after injection to tumor zone in a dose of 7-8 lg EID50, as was shown for two continuous mouse tumor cell strains, Ehrlich's carcinoma and L-1210 lymphoma. Influenza virus strains differed by their antitumor activity which correlated with their interferonogenic activity. Antitumor activity of influenza virus depended on the site of application, dose of the virus, and interferonogenic activity.

[Correctional aspects of anisometropia in railway machine operators].

The authors assessed occupationally significant visual functions in anisometropy varying in type and degree. Disorders of occupationally significant visual functions depend reliably on anisometropy degree. Correction of anisometropy with recovered vision and binocular functions restores all parameters of night and color vision.

[Biological activity of the poly(G).poly(C) complex, modified by divalent platinum compounds].

Modification of poly(G).poly(C) with cys-diaminodichloroplatinum (cys-DDP) at the level of rb = 0.02 increased the in vivo antiviral and interferon-inducing activity of the complex, in contrast to the data reported for complex poly(G).

[The biological activity of saparal in an influenzal infection].

The antiviral and interferon-inducing activity of saparal, an adaptogen of plant origin, was studied. Tests in experimental mice demonstrated the interferon-inducing activity of saparal providing its antiviral effect. An optimal scheme of saparal administration was developed.

[Chronic course of influenza with extrapulmonary involvement].

Results of the investigation of 265 placentas and 387 necropsies with the use of a wide spectrum of morphological, immunological and virological methods are presented. The existence of extrapulmonary damages, those of placenta (50 observations) and brain (17 observations), is shown. The variants of the influenza infection (persisting, chronic and manifesting) are discussed.

[The astrocyte glia of the brain in herpetic encephalitis in children].

Astrocytic changes were followed up in the brain of infants who had died of herpetic encephalitis. Neuro-morphological examinations revealed astrocytic structural changes directed to reinforcement of the blood-brain barrier, localization of the infection and, possibly, to inactivation of the virus.

[Infectious placentitis and characterization of the placenta as an immune barrier].

Analysis of publications dealing with infectious pathology of placenta is performed. Placentitis of different etiology and different routes of contamination have specific features. The incidence of viral and mycoplasma etiology with intracellular multiplication of the agent is considerably higher than of bacterial or other placentitis with extracellular multiplication.

[Viral and bacterial associations and their role in the development of bronchopulmonary diseases in children].

Clinical and laboratory criteria for estimating the role of viruses and bacteria that determine bronchopulmonary diseases have been derived. The clinical importance of the detectable microflora, part of which permanently invade the nasopharynx (pneumococcus, adenoviruses) is under critical review. Pneumonias that may develop within the first days of acute respiratory viral infection are characterized by monoviral influenzal or RS-infection; later pneumonias are marked by viral infection with the predominance of adenoviruses.

[The role of myxovirus neuraminidase in the interferon induction system].

Interaction of myxovirus neuraminidases, in particular, that of influenza virus, with interferon (IFn) was established. When IFn is treated with viral neuraminidases, its antiviral activity tested in tissue culture does not change but it is eliminated from the body by the kidneys much more intensively and is more absorbed by the liver than native IFn. The degree of IFn elimination from the body is directly related to the level of enzymatic activity of viral neuraminidases affecting interferon.

[Involvement of the afterbirth in influenza].

Light- and fluorescence-microscopy examinations of 186 placentas were carried out, with concurrent determination of placental interferon, isolation of influenza virus, and serologic tests of maternal and fetal blood, and amniotic fluid. In 32 of the cases, placentitis caused by serotype A or B of influenza virus was present, characterized by hyperplasia and subsequent destruction of amniotic cells, trophoblast, decidual cells, and vascular endothelium, by the presence of influenza antigens, fuchsinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in the affected cells, and lymphoid infiltrates, and/or by circulatory disturbances. In addition, an interferon possessing properties of viral, immune, and placental interferon was detected in a number of placentas.

[Nonspecific protection and specific immunity in various clinical forms of mumps virus infection in children].

The time course of specific antibody production, interferon production in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and the capacity of blood cells for interferon production were compared in 270 children with glandular and neuroglandular forms of mumps virus infection (MVI). A significant decrease of antibody production in neuroglandular form of MVI and lower interferon titres in the blood in the acute period of this form of infection were noted. The severity of the course of meningitis was inversely related to interferon levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of the patients.

[Pathogenetic and pathomorphological problems of viral-bacterial associations in children dying of meningococcal infection].

The information on 63 children dying from hypertoxic forms of meningococcal infection is presented. Four groups of brain damage by respiratory viruses (RV) are distinguished on the basis of the results of morphological and virological examination: 1) with a recent RV generalization (26 cases); 2) with dissemination of an etiological agent but without clear-cut structural changes (6 cases); 3) with an isolated affection of the brain (13 cases); 4) without clear-cut brain damage. Experimental influenza-meningococcal infection was reproduced in 260 white rats.