[Prognostic scale for early detection of various postoperative complications after thoracic aortic surgery: post-hoc analysis of biomarkers].

Objective: To create the prognostic scale based on some biomarkers after thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic repair.

Material And Methods: We analyzed 114 patients with aortic aneurysm/dissection. The following biomarkers were studied: proadrenomedullin, NT-proBNP, procalcitonin, interleukins 6, 8, 10, tumor necrosis factor, presepsin, highly sensitive troponin I.

Topical Versus Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: The DEPOSITION Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Although intravenous tranexamic acid is used in cardiac surgery to reduce bleeding and transfusion, topical tranexamic acid results in lower plasma concentrations compared with intravenous tranexamic acid, which may lower the risk of seizures. We aimed to determine whether topical tranexamic acid reduces the risk of in-hospital seizure without increasing the risk of transfusion among cardiac surgery patients.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, double dummy, blinded, randomized controlled trial of patients recruited by convenience sampling in academic hospitals undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

[Clinical, biochemical and histological indicators of Del Nido cardioplegia efficacy in patients with severe myocardial hypertrophy].

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of two cardioplegia techniques in patients with severe myocardial hypertrophy undergoing septal myectomy or aortic valve replacement.

Material And Methods: A comparative pilot prospective single-center randomized study included 46 patients between 2022 and 2023. Patients were randomized into 2 groups: Del Nido (=23) and Custodiol (=23).

Calcium administration In patients undergoing CardiAc suRgery under cardiopulmonary bypasS (ICARUS trial): Rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a critical step of any cardiac surgical procedure and often requires pharmacologic intervention. Calcium ions are pivotal elements for the excitation-contraction coupling process of cardiac myocytes. Thus, calcium administration might be helpful during weaning from CPB.

[Risk factors for neurological complications in the late period after operations on the ascending aortic arch].

Objective: To assess the risk factors for unfavorable neurological outcomes in the long-term follow-up periods (after 5 and 10 years) in patients undergoing planned operations on the ascending and arch of the aorta.

Material And Methods: The prospective study included 100 patients who were operated on at the FSBSI Petrovsky Russian Research Center of Surgery and were observed over a long period of time (up to 10 years). Patients of group I (=50) underwent surgery on the aortic arch with antegrade cerebral perfusion and hypothermic circulatory arrest (26 °C).

[Surgical treatment of mega aorta syndrome: a single-center experience].

Objective: To present our experience in the treatment of severe patients with mega aorta syndrome.

Material And Methods: There were 49 patients with mega aorta syndrome for the period from May 2015 to March 2021. All patients underwent total aortic replacement from sinotubular junction (with staged aortic root repair, if necessary) to abdominal aorta bifurcation.

[Evaluation of immediate complications and 10-years neurological outcomes in patients after reconstructive interventions on the ascending aorta and the aortic arch].

Objective: To estimate the frequency of early postoperative neurological complications in patients undergoing planned surgery on the ascending aortic and arch of the aorta, and their long-term outcomes.

Material And Methods: The prospective study included 100 patients who were operated on at the FSBSI Petrovsky Russian Research Center of Surgery. In group I (=50), operations were performed on the aortic arch with hypothermic circulatory arrest (26 °C) and antegrade cerebral perfusion.

[Ascending aorta and aortic arch hypoplasia in a patient with connective tissue dysplasia and multiple deficit of coagulation factors].

Connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) is an urgent problem, especially in young and employable people. Damage to cardiovascular system and, in particular, aorta is predominant factor determining the incidence of various complications and mortality in patients with CTD. The authors report surgical treatment of aortic hypoplasia in an adolescent patient with connective tissue dysplasia syndrome and combined deficiency of coagulation factors.

Current Practice of Calcium Use During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Weaning: Results of an International Survey.

Objectives: To describe international practices on the use of calcium salts during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) weaning in adult cardiac surgery patients.

Design: Multiple-choice survey on current practice of CPB weaning.

Setting: Online survey using the SurveyMonkey platform.

Anesthesia depth monitoring using alternative placement of entropy sensors: a prospective study.

Spectral entropy is based on analysis of variations in electroencephalography and frontal electromyography, and is a safe and reliable method for anesthesia depth monitoring. However, standard frontal positioning of entropy electrodes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery is sometimes challenging. The present study aimed to compare standard entropy sensor placement with an alternative (infraorbital) site.

[USE OF PROTECTIVE LUNG VENTILATION REGIMEN IN CARDIAC SURGERY PATIENTS.].

Background: In cardiac surgery, protective lung ventilation and/or preventive brdnchoscopy (PB) are able to decrease lung injury effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and mechanical ventilation.

Objectives: define lung complication risks, evaluate the effect ofprotective lung ventilation (PLV) on lung functioning, and investigate the feasibility ofpreventive PB in higher pulmonary risk (PR) patients.

Materials And Methods: 66 patients participated in prospective randomized research.

[PULSE WAVE TRANSIT TIME - ONE MORE ATTEMPT OF NON-INVASIVE CARDIAC OUTPUT MEASUREMENT.].

Background: Estimated continuous cardiac output (esCCOTM) based on pulse wave transit time is one of alternative non-invasive CO measurement techniques.

Methods: Randomized study included 23 scheduled patients operated upon due to cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac index (CI) was measured Comparative analyses of esCCO and others CO measurement methods used intraoperative was carried out.

[Thoracoscopic repair of postoperative intrapleural complications].

Aim: To justify and develop the indications for thoracoscopic procedures in patients with complications after advanced cardiothoracic surgery including combined and simultaneous operations.

Material And Methods: From 2013 to 2017 was performed treatment of complication in 27 patients undergoing various cardiothoracic intervention with the use of thoracoscopic technology.

Results: We have analyzed immediate results of thoracoscopic operations in 27 patients with various intrapleural complications after advanced cardiothoracic surgery.

[Cardiopulmonary bypass in thoracic surgery].

Aim: To analyze advisability of cardiopulmonary bypass in thoracic surgery.

Material And Methods: We estimated early and long-term results of CPB-assisted thoracic interventions in 31 patients with malignant and benign thoracic diseases and invasion into vital mediastinal structures or with concomitant cardiovascular pathology.

Results: Acceptable rates of mortality and morbidity confirm safety of CPB in thoracic surgery while satisfactory long-term outcomes are arguments in favor of this direction of thoracic oncology.

ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY OF THE LUNGS IN THE PRACTICE OF THE ANESTHESIOLOGIST.

The Aim: To assess validity of EITL for mechanical ventilation optimization during GA.

Materials: 26 cardiac surgery patients participated in non-randomized comparative study. Everyone was ventilated with protective regimen: Vt - 6-8 ml/kg, breath rate - by normal EtCO2, i/e - 1.

[CLINICAL ASPECTS OF THE BLOOD LACTATE DYNAMICS DURING OPERATIONS ON THE HEART AND THE AORTA IN CONDITIONS OF CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS.].

Background: The frequency and the causes for the development of hyperlactatemia during operations on the heart and aorta in conditions of cardiopulmonary bypass (CB) is not adequately described in the literature.

The Aim: To study the clinical significance of the lactate dynamics in arterial blood depending on the source ofpathology, stages of operation, basic parameters of cardiopulmonary bypass, the characteristics of the post-perfusion period, and to identify ways to prevent the development of intraoperative hyperlactatemia in surgical interventions on the heart and aorta.

Materials And Methods: 420 adult cardiac surgery patients operated on the heart and ascending aorta were examined.

[DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC BRONCHOSCOPY IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CARDIAC SURGERY IN INTRA- AND POSTOPERATIVE PERIODS].

The article presents research conducted to evaluate the use of diagnostic and therapeutic fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and tracheobronchitis in patients in cardiac ICU. The paper presents the results of the study and comparison of invasive techniques for sampling from the respiratory tract for bacteriological analysis. We studied the bacterial profile of ICU, original content of the respiratory tract of cardiac patients in the intraoperative period and possible ways for prevention of VAP and tracheobronchitis in the postoperative period using bronchoscopy.

[ANAESTHETIC MANAGEMENT OF RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY ON THE AORTIC ARCH: THE NUANCES OF ORGAN PROTECTION].

Unlabelled: Aortic arch reconstruction is one of the most difficult surgical procedures. Therefore the aims of our study were: to choose appropriate flow rate for antegrade cerebral perfusion and assess its adequacy in relation to cerebral metabolic demands; to evaluate safety of temperature settings during the surgery; to assess the effectiveness of chosen protocol for brain and visceral organ protection during aortic arch reconstruction surgery. Our study included 67 patients.

[MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF THE SAVING OF PATIENT'S BLOOD AND REDUCTION OF THE USE OF DONOR BLOOD DURING OPERATIONS ON THE ASCENDING AORTA AND AORTIC ARCH].

Questions of saving of the patient's blood and limitation of the use of donated blood in the aortic surgery remain relevant in contrast with interventions on the valves of the heart and coronary arteries. In this regard, the aim of the study was to develop and introduce ofcomplex of technologies for saving the patient's blood in order to minimize transfusion of donor blood components during operations on the ascending aorta and aortic arch under hypothermic arrest. The study included 37 patients operated on the ascending aorta and aortic arch under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and hypothermic cardiac arrest (CA) in 2013-2014 (Group 1).

[Tissue oxygenation monitoring during cardiac surgery].

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to evaluate tissue oxymetry dynamics in patients with different initial tissue oxygenation levels and to analyze the relation of these data with the perioperative period flow peculiarities.

Patients And Methods: 92 patients undergoing on-pump myocardium revascularization or valve replacement were included in the study. Regional oxygenation in all patients was monitored with FORE-SIGHT Laser Tissue Oximeter.

[Mesenteric circulation evaluation during myocardial revascularization with different temperature modes of extracorporeal circulation].

The Mesenteric blood circulation during myocardium revasculization was investigated 40 patients were divided in 2 groups: 1st group - normothermia CPB, 2nd group hypothermia CPB. It was found that reduced mesenteric perfusion occurred in both groups, but it was more pronounced in hypothermia CPB group and was caused by a significant deterioration of the microcirculation.

[Vascular reactions during cardiac surgery].

Treatment results of 96 patients with ischemic heart disease, operated on with the use of artificial blood circulation and polycomponent anesthesia, were analyzed. The modified protocol of infusion therapy and functional tests (passive limb elevation and volume load test) were used to assess the dynamic vascular reaction among patients of the main group (n=54). Patients from the control group (n=42) received only standard infusion therapy.

[Surgical treatment of postinfarctial ruptures of interventricular septum].

21 patients were operated on the reason of postinfarctial ruptures of interventricular septum within 1989-2009 years. The mean age was 61.3 ± 7.

[Efficiency and controllability of esmolol (breviblock)-induced adrenergic blockade during the heart and aorta surgery].

This article contains analysis of retrospective and prospective studies of use of selective ultrashort Beta-blocker esmolol during intraoperative period in cardiac surgery patients in recent years. The drug is highly effective and controlled the means for prevention and treatment of tachycardia, arising as a result of the sympathoadrenal system activation during anaesthesia induction (laryngoscopy, trachea intubation) and intraoperative period (during heart and aorta manipulations). It should be considered that the use of esmolol has dose-dependent effect.