Irving I. Gottesman's Collaboration in Psychiatric Genetics Research in Denmark.

Irving I. Gottesman played an important role for psychiatric genetic research in Denmark through more than 40 years of collaboration with Danish scientists, resulting in important twin and family studies based upon the unique national registers available in Denmark.

F-FDG PET/CT for Very Early Response Evaluation Predicts CT Response in Erlotinib-Treated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Comparison of Assessment Methods.

The purpose of this study was to determine which method for early response evaluation with F-FDG PET/CT performed most optimally for the prediction of response on a later CT scan in erlotinib-treated non-small cell lung cancer patients. F-FDG PET/CT scans were obtained before and after 7-10 d of erlotinib treatment in 50 non-small cell lung cancer patients. The scans were evaluated using a qualitative approach and various semiquantitative methods including percentage change in SUVs, lean body mass-corrected (SUL) SUL, SUL, and total lesion glycolysis (TLG).

Rapid test for lung maturity, based on spectroscopy of gastric aspirate, predicted respiratory distress syndrome with high sensitivity.

Aim: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in premature infants. By the time symptoms appear, it may already be too late to prevent a severe course, with bronchopulmonary dysplasia or mortality. We aimed to develop a rapid test of lung maturity for targeting surfactant supplementation.

A Danish Twin Study of Schizophrenia Liability: Investigation from Interviewed Twins for Genetic Links to Affective Psychoses and for Cross-Cohort Comparisons.

We studied schizophrenia liability in a Danish population-based sample of 44 twin pairs (13 MZ, 31 DZ, SS plus OS) in order to replicate previous twin study findings using contemporary diagnostic criteria, to examine genetic liability shared between schizophrenia and other disorders, and to explore whether variance in schizophrenia liability attributable to environmental factors may have decreased with successive cohorts exposed to improvements in public health. ICD-10 diagnoses were determined by clinical interview. Although the best-fitting, most parsimonious biometric model of schizophrenia liability specified variance attributable to additive genetic and non-shared environmental factors, this model did not differ significantly from a model that also included non-additive genetic factors, consistent with recent interview-based twin studies.

Short-term course and outcome of acute and transient psychotic disorders: Differences from other types of psychosis with acute onset.

Background: The category of 'acute and transient psychotic disorders' (ATPDs) appeared in the ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders (ICD-10), but its distinctive features remain uncertain.

Aim: To examine the course and outcome of ATPDs, pointing out differences from other types of psychosis.

Methods: A one-year follow-up investigation of patients enrolled at the former World Health Organization (WHO) Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health in Aarhus (Denmark) for the WHO collaborative study on acute psychoses.

A comprehensive nationwide study of the incidence rate and lifetime risk for treated mental disorders.

Importance: Understanding the epidemiologic profile of the life course of mental disorders is fundamental for research and planning for health care. Although previous studies have used population surveys, informative and complementary estimates can be derived from population-based registers.

Objective: To derive comprehensive and precise estimates of the incidence rate of and lifetime risk for any mental disorder and a range of specific mental disorders.

Early surfactant guided by lamellar body counts on gastric aspirate in very preterm infants.

Background: We have developed a rapid method, based on lamellar body counts (LBC) on gastric aspirate, for identifying newborns who will develop respiratory distress syndrome with a need for surfactant supplementation.

Objective: We set out to test whether it was possible to improve the outcome when used in a clinical trial.

Methods: We randomly assigned 380 infants born at 24-29 weeks' gestation and supported with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) to receive surfactant guided either by LBC (intervention group) or increasing need for oxygen (control group).

The association between psychotic mania, psychotic depression and mixed affective episodes among 14,529 patients with bipolar disorder.

Background: Psychotic and mixed affective episodes are prevalent in the course of bipolar disorder. Despite many studies on the implications of psychotic mania (PM), psychotic depression (PD) and mixed affective episodes (MAE), relatively little is known about the relationship between the three subtypes. The present study aimed to investigate whether the occurrence of PM, PD and MAE were associated with one another.

Long-term stability of acute and transient psychotic disorders.

Objective: To examine the temporal stability of the category 'acute and transient psychotic disorders' (ATPDs), ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders, including subtypes characterised by polymorphic, schizophrenic and predominantly delusional features.

Method: We checked the readmission patterns of all patients aged 15-64 years (n = 5426), whether admitted to hospital or treated as outpatients, who were enrolled for the first time in the Danish Psychiatric Register with a diagnosis of ATPDs between 1995 and 2008.

Results: An increasing number of cases with ATPDs changed diagnosis in subsequent admissions after 1, 2 and 5 years, mainly either to schizophrenia and related disorders or affective disorders.

Use of ICD-10 diagnoses in Danish psychiatric hospital-based services in 2001-2007.

The Danish version of the ICD-10 chapter on mental and behavioural disorders has 380 different diagnoses when three digits are used. This study examines how many of the available diagnoses were used and to what extent in Danish psychiatric hospital-based services in the period from 2001 to 2007, through an analysis of the total number of diagnoses reported to the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register (n=1,260,097). The 50th percentile (50.

Mortality and causes of death of acute and transient psychotic disorders.

Background: Little is known about mortality associated with acute transient psychoses. This paper examines mortality and causes of death of ICD-10 F23 'Acute and transient psychotic disorders' (ATPD).

Method: Data from all subjects aged over 15 years who were enrolled in 1996 in the Danish psychiatric register with a first-admission diagnosis of ATPD were linked to the national register of causes of death.

[The concept of insanity in Danish penal and mental health codes].

The medical terms insanity and psychosis are used synonymously to describe a condition with substantial changes in the "total" personality and loss of realism. In the 10th revision of the diagnostic classification system ICD-10 (1994) the intention was to replace the term "psychosis" with "psychotic" to indicate the presence of hallucinations and delusions. However, in Danish legislation - most importantly in the penal code and the Mental Health Act - the term "insanity" is still in use.

Severe mental disorders in offspring with 2 psychiatrically ill parents.

Background: Studies of couples of psychiatric patients with children allow us to calculate the effects of double predispositions on morbid risk in the offspring, which is of interest for molecular genetic research and for genetic counseling.

Objective: To determine the risks in offspring of receiving a diagnosis of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, unipolar depressive disorder, or any diagnosis from parents who both have received a diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

Design: National register-based cohort study.

Incidence and diagnostic stability of ICD-10 acute and transient psychotic disorders.

Objective: The 10th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) introduced a new diagnostic category, F23 acute and transient psychotic disorders (ATPD) to embrace clinical concepts such as the French bouffée délirante, Kleist and Leonhard's cycloid psychoses, and the Scandinavian reactive and schizophreniform psychoses. The relative rarity of these disorders and insufficient follow-up studies with adequate numbers of patients makes ATPD classification as uncertain as their validity. The aim of this study was to evaluate incidence and validity of ATPD in terms of diagnostic stability.

The relationship of reactive psychosis and ICD-10 acute and transient psychotic disorders: evidence from a case register-based comparison.

Background: ICD-10 introduced a new diagnostic category, F23 'acute and transient psychotic disorders' (ATPD), to embrace clinical concepts such as bouffée délirante, cycloid psychosis, psychogenic (reactive) psychosis and schizophreniform psychosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the concept of reactive psychosis (RP), equivalent to the ICD-8 298 category of 'other psychoses', and ATPD.

Sampling And Method: Since January 1, 1994, ICD-10 has replaced ICD-8 as official classification in Denmark.

Family history of psychiatric illness as a risk factor for schizoaffective disorder: a Danish register-based cohort study.

Background: Schizoaffective disorder may be related to both schizophrenia and bipolar disorders, but no population-based studies, to our knowledge, have investigated this association in families.

Objectives: To determine whether a psychiatric history of schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia among parents and siblings is a risk factor for developing a schizoaffective disorder, and whether a specific pattern of family history of psychiatric illness exists in persons with schizoaffective disorder compared with persons with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.

Design: Register-based cohort study.

Schizophrenia and related disorders: experience with current diagnostic systems.

Schizophrenia and related disorders include a variety of psychotic disorders in the major classification systems, ICD-10 and DSM-IV, with only partial concordance between the two systems. They both rely on demonstrated reliability, but which disorders are the most valid still has to be determined. Particularly for the ICD-10 disorders, only few studies examining external validity have appeared.