Toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastic and copper oxide nanoparticle in Artemiasalina: Single and combined effects on stress responses.

Nanoparticles, such as copper oxide nanoparticle (CuO NP) and polystyrene nanoplastic (PSNP), are increasingly released into aquatic environments, and pose potential risks to aquatic animals such as brine shrimps. Understanding the toxicity of these nanoparticles, especially when combined, is very important to assess their environmental effects. Therefore, this work describes the toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastic (PSNP) and CuO nanoparticles (CuO NPs) for brine shrimp (Artemiasalina).

Comparative Toxicity of TiO and Sn-Doped TiO Nanoparticles in Zebrafish After Acute and Chronic Exposure.

This study was conducted to assess the toxicological potential of synthesized pure and Sn-doped TiO NPs (Sn-TiO NPs) in zebrafish after acute and chronic exposure. The pure TiO NPs, 4%, and 8% Sn-TiO NPs were synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope, diffuse reflectance spectra, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential analyses. The pure TiO NPs, 4%, and 8% Sn-TiO NPs were spherical with average sizes of about 40, 28, and 21 nm, respectively, indicating significant size reduction of TiO NPs following Sn doping.

Effect of elevated temperature, sea water acidification, and phenanthrene on the expression of genes involved in the shell and pearl formation of economic pearl oyster (Pinctada radiata).

Our study aims to examine the effect of some stressors on the gene expression levels of shell matrix proteins in a pearl oyster. Oysters were exposed to the different combinations of the temperature, pH, and phenanthrene concentration is currently measured in the Persian Gulf and the predicted ocean warming and acidification for 28 days. The expression of all the studied genes was significantly downregulated.

Oxidative stress, genotoxic effects, and other damages caused by chronic exposure to silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), and their mixtures in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

This study assessed the oxidative stress impacts of Ag NPs and ZnO NPs and their mixtures in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of each NP and a mixture for 28 days followed by a 28-day recovery period (without NP exposure) and measurements made on hepatic levels of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GPx), MDA levels, expression of the genes for the Hsp70 and Hsp90, and MT, blood biochemical parameters (total protein, globulin, albumin, AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH), and genotoxicity in erythrocytes (via measurement of micronuclei (MN) and nuclear (NA) abnormalities). There was a tendency for an increase in the variation in the responses of antioxidant defense systems and there were higher MDA levels with increasing exposure concentration of Ag NPs and with increasing exposure time.

Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles in the Presence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Differs for Acute and Chronic Exposures in Zebrafish.

We assessed the acute toxicity effects (96 h) of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and chronic (28 d) exposure to Ag NPs, including in combination with ZnO NPs. In the chronic studies, we further assessed the toxicokinetics and bioaccumulation of Ag and the resulting histopathological effects in the gill, intestine, and liver of zebrafish. Co-exposures with ZnO NPs reduced the toxicity of Ag NPs for acute (lethality) but enhanced the toxicity effects (tissue histopathology) for chronic exposures.

Toxicological effects of AgO and AgCO doped TiO nanoparticles and pure TiO particles on zebrafish (Danio rerio).

In this study, the toxic effects of silver oxide and silver carbonate doped TiO nanoparticles (AgO-TiO NPs and AgCO-TiONPs), TiO nanoparticles (TiO NPs), and bulk TiO on gene expression, lipid peroxidation, genotoxicity, and histological alterations in zebrafish (Danio rerio) was assessed. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Zeta potential analyses. TiONPs after doping with Ag showed shift to higher wavelengths and decrease of band gap energy.

Biosynthesis of NiFe O @Ag Nanocomposite and Assessment of Its Effect on Expression of norA Gene in Staphylococcus aureus.

Activity of norA efflux pump has been known as a resistance mechanism to antibiotics like ciprofloxacin in Staphylococcus aureus. This study was carried out to assess the effect of biosynthesized NiFe O @Ag nanocomposite on expression of norA gene in Staphylococcus aureus. In this experimental study, 30 clinical samples were collected from patients hospitalized at different hospitals in Guilan Province, Iran.

Efficient removal of cytotoxic drugs from wastewater by single-stage combined photocatalysis-algae treatment process.

In this study, the efficiency of a single-stage combined photocatalysis-algae treatment process in the removal of the anticancer drug, flutamide (FLU), from aqueous solution has been evaluated. The removal abilities of the individual blue-green alga ( sp.), nano-sized MoS photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, and combined photocatalysis-algal treatment process were investigated.

FeO/Ag nanocomposite biosynthesised using extract and its enhanced anticancer efficiency.

In this work, the authors investigated the apoptotic activities of FeO/Ag nanocomposite biosynthesised by extract against MCF-7 (human breast cancer cells). The physico-chemical properties of prepared FeO/Ag nanocomposite were studied by different spectroscopic methods. To evaluate the cytotoxic effect, MCF-7 cells were treated with different concentrations of FeO/Ag nanocomposite and examined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

Biosynthesis of FeO@Ag Nanocomposite and Evaluation of Its Performance on Expression of norA and norB Efflux Pump Genes in Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

At present, the universal health problem with Staphylococcus aureus is the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains due to the overuse of antibiotics. Drug extrusion through efflux pumps is one of the bacterial mechanisms to neutralize the bactericidal effect of antibiotics. The antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticle as well as FeO nanoparticle had been previously studied and widely described.

Antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts of Sambucus ebulus and Urtica dioica against clinical isolates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Background: Increase in the emergence of drug -resistant pathogens led to the development of natural antimicrobials. In this study the antimicrobial effect of methanolic extracts of Sambucus ebulus and Urtica dioica on 16 skin and wound infections isolates of methicillin resistant S. aureus have been studied.