The journey of antibody-drug conjugates for revolutionizing cancer therapy: A review.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a powerful class of targeted cancer therapies that harness the specificity of monoclonal antibodies to deliver cytotoxic payloads directly to tumor cells, minimizing off-target effects. This review explores the advancements in ADC technologies, focusing on advancing next-generation ADCs with novel payloads, conjugation strategies, and enhanced pharmacokinetic profiles. In particular, we highlight innovative payloads, including microtubule inhibitors, spliceosome modulators, and RNA polymerase inhibitors, that offer new mechanisms of cytotoxicity beyond traditional apoptosis induction.

Comorbidities in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Patients: When Is It Okay to Say No?

Preoperative optimization of modifiable risk factors for total hip and knee arthroplasty remains a foundational cornerstone in reducing postoperative complications and enhancing patient outcomes. With an increasing prevalence of high-risk comorbidities among total joint arthroplasty patients with morbid obesity (body mass index ≥40 kg/m2), uncontrolled diabetes (hemoglobin A1c ≥ 7.5%), and active smoking and tobacco use, many joint arthroplasty surgeons face complex ethical decisions when surgical intervention poses a higher risk for potential harm.

A 360-degree evaluation of the professionalism and communication skills of technologists working in the radiology department of a public sector tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.

Background: Radiologic technologists (RTs) are at the forefront of radiology departments and require optimal skills to demonstrate professionalism and effective provider-patient communication. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the reliability of 360-degree evaluation as a feedback tool to improve competencies in this crucial workforce.

Methods: A planned 360-degree evaluation was conducted using a 10-item tool to evaluate communication skills and professionalism among radiological technologists working at Dow University Hospital, Karachi.

Maintenance Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Major Depressive Disorder: A Meta-analysis.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective therapy for acute treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the efficacy and optimal strategy of delivering maintenance rTMS beyond acute treatment remains unclear. This meta-analysis aims to quantify the treatment effect of maintenance rTMS therapy in MDD and compares the difference in treatment effect between the fixed and rescue maintenance rTMS protocols.

Clinician Perceptions of Family-Centered Care in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Settings.

Importance: Family-centered care recognizes families as central to child health and well-being and prioritizes clinician collaboration with families to ensure optimal pediatric care and outcomes. Clinician interpersonal sensitivity and communication skills are key to this approach.

Objective: To examine perceptions of and factors associated with family-centered care among clinicians working in pediatric and congenital heart care.

Prediction of molecular subclasses of uveal melanoma by deep learning using routine haematoxylin-eosin-stained tissue slides.

Aims: Uveal melanoma has a high propensity to metastasize. Prognosis is associated with specific driver mutations and copy number variations, and these can only be obtained after genetic testing. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of patient outcome prediction using deep learning on haematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained primary uveal melanoma slides in comparison to molecular testing.

Exploring Non-Toxic Lower Dimensional Perovskites for Next-Generation X-Ray Detectors.

Owing to their extraordinary photophysical properties, organometal halide perovskites are emerging as a new material class for X-ray detection. However, the existence of toxic lead makes their commercialization questionable and should readily be replaced. Accordingly, several lead alternatives have been introduced into the framework of conventional perovskites, resulting in various new perovskite dimensionalities.

Impact of COVID-19-Related Social Distancing on the Incidence of Inpatient Aggression at a Public Psychiatric Hospital.

Objective: This study explores the impact of coronavirus disease (COVID) pandemic-related social distancing measures on the incidence of inpatient aggression at a public psychiatric hospital Methods: Data was gathered from the hospital's unusual incident (UI) database for the time period ranging from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2020. Based on the implementation of major social distancing measures, March 6, 2020, was set as a cutoff time point to categorize aggressive events into pre-COVID and post-COVID groups. Data was analyzed using Chi-square tests and general linear modeling.

Neuroimaging and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Among Individuals With Complex Congenital Heart Disease: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.

Although neuroimaging advances have deepened our understanding of brain health in individuals with congenital heart disease (CHD), it is less clear how neuroimaging findings relate to neurodevelopmental and mental health outcomes across the lifespan. We systematically synthesized and critically evaluated evidence on associations between neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental, neurocognitive, psychiatric, or behavioral outcomes among individuals with transposition of great arteries or single-ventricle CHD (Protocol CRD42021229617). Six databases were searched and 45 papers from 25 unique studies were identified.

Artificial intelligence-based recurrence prediction outperforms classical histopathological methods in pulmonary adenocarcinoma biopsies.

Introduction: Between 10 and 50% of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma patients experience local or distant recurrence. Histological parameters such as a solid or micropapillary growth pattern are well-described risk factors for recurrence. However, not every patient presenting with such a pattern will develop recurrence.

The clinical application of venous ultrasound in diagnosis and follow-up of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT): a case-based discussion.

Current clinical practice guidelines lack explicit guidance on the indications and appropriate timing of venous ultrasound (US) in lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) follow-up. Moreover, abnormal findings reported on venous US in DVT follow-up or suspected recurrent DVT may be difficult for clinicians to interpret, which carries risk of harm from inappropriate use of anti- coagulation and increased healthcare resource utilization. Due to the above factors, over-use of ultrasound in diagnosis and follow-up of lower extremity DVT has been reported in western health systems.

Artificial Intelligence in Digital Pathology for Bladder Cancer: Hype or Hope? A Systematic Review.

Bladder cancer (BC) diagnosis and prediction of prognosis are hindered by subjective pathological evaluation, which may cause misdiagnosis and under-/over-treatment. Computational pathology (CPATH) can identify clinical outcome predictors, offering an objective approach to improve prognosis. However, a systematic review of CPATH in BC literature is lacking.

Facile Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of 2D Imine-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks for Exceptional Iodine Capture.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as auspicious porous adsorbents for radioiodine capture. However, their conventional solvothermal synthesis demands multiday synthetic times and anaerobic conditions, largely hampering their practical use. To tackle these challenges, we present a facile microwave-assisted synthesis of 2D imine-linked COFs, Mw-TFB-BD-X, (X = -CH and -OCH) under air within just 1 h.

Learning to PERSEVERE: A pilot study of peer mentor support and caregiver education in Lewy body dementia.

Background: Lewy Body Disease (LBD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Despite high family caregiver strain and adverse patient and caregiver outcomes, few interventions exist for LBD family caregivers. Based on a successful peer mentoring pilot study in advanced Parkinson's Disease, we revised the curriculum of this peer-led educational intervention incorporating LBD caregiver input.