Effects of substance exposure on gametes and pre-implantation embryos: a narrative review.

Substance use refers to the consumption of drugs that have varying degrees of impact on a persons' physical, mental and emotional well-being. While the adverse health effects of drugs have been extensively documented, further research is needed to understand their impact on fertility. Studies have indicated that substance use affects both the male and female reproductive systems.

Enhancing pressure ulcer healing and tissue regeneration by using N-acetyl-cysteine loaded carboxymethyl cellulose/gelatin/sodium alginate hydrogel.

Prolonged pressure on the skin can result in pressure ulcers, which may lead to serious complications, such as infection and tissue damage. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a carboxymethyl cellulose/gelatin/sodium alginate (CMC/Gel/Alg) hydrogel containing N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) on the healing of pressure ulcers. Pressure ulcers were induced by applying a magnet to the dorsum of rat skin.

Antitumor activity and phenolic profile of Melissa officinalis extract against human gastric adenocarcinoma cells.

Gastric cancer remains a global health concern, driving the exploration of natural products with anticancer potential. This study investigated the antiproliferative activity and chemical composition of a 70% ethanolic extract from Melissa officinalis L. against human gastric cancer cells.

Decellularization and characterization of camel pericardium as a new scaffold for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Background: Valvular heart diseases (VHDs) have become prevalent in populations due to aging. Application of different biomaterials for cardiac valve regeneration and repair holds a great promise for treatment of VHD. Aortic valve replacement using tissue-engineered xenografts is a considered approach, and the pericardium of different species such as porcine and bovine has been studied over the last few years.

Association between cytomegalovirus infection and neurological disorders: A systematic review.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) belongs to the Herpesviridae family and is also known as human herpesvirus type 5. It is a common virus that usually doesn't cause any symptoms in healthy individuals. However, once infected, the virus remains in the host's body for life and can reactivate when the host's immune system weakens.

Computational design of a multi-epitope vaccine candidate against Langya henipavirus using surface proteins.

In July 2022, Langya henipavirus (LayV) was identified in febrile patients in China. There is currently no approved vaccine against this virus. Therefore, this research aimed to design a multi-epitope vaccine against LayV using reverse vaccinology.

The role of probiotics in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) as an emerging field is a multidisciplinary science and combines basic sciences such as biomaterials science, biology, genetics and medical sciences to achieve functional TERM-based products to regenerate or replace damaged or diseased tissues or organs. Probiotics are useful microorganisms which have multiple effective functions on human health. They have some immunomodulatory and biocompatibility effects and improve wound healing.

The Effect of Rosmarinic Acid on Neural Differentiation of Wartons Jelly-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Two-dimensional and Three-dimensional Cultures using Chitosan-based Hydrogel.

Introduction: Numerous studies have shown the positive effects of rosmarinic acid on the nervous system. Rosmarinic acid as a herbal compound with anti-inflammatory effects can prevent thedestructive effect of inflammation on the nervous system. Furthermore, various studies haveemphasized the advantages of three-dimensional (3D) culture over the two-dimensional (2D) culture of cells.

3D printed polylactic acid/gelatin-nano-hydroxyapatite/platelet-rich plasma scaffold for critical-sized skull defect regeneration.

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a capable approach for the fabrication of bone tissue scaffolds. Nevertheless, a purely made scaffold such as polylactic acid (PLA) may suffer from shortcomings and be restricted due to its biological behavior. Gelatin, hydroxyapatite and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have been revealed to be of potential to enhance the osteogenic effect.

Exosome loaded hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold promotes bone regeneration in calvarial defect: an in vivo study.

In this study, hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds were synthesized and characterized, following the osteogenic and angiogenic effects of HA scaffolds with or without endometrial mesenchymal stem stromal cells (hEnSCs) derived Exosomes were investigated in rat animal model with calvaria defect. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of HA powder formation was confirmed with Joint Corporation of Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) files numbers of 34-0010 and 24-0033A and Ball mill, and sintering manufactured Nano-size particles. Obtained results containing FE-SEM images presented that the surface of scaffolds has a rough and porous structure, which makes them ideal and appropriate for tissue engineering.

Comparing the Effects of Long-term Exposure to Extremely Low-frequency Electromagnetic Fields With Different Values on Learning, Memory, Anxiety, and β-amyloid Deposition in Adult Rats.

Introduction: Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (ELF-EMFs) have gathered significant consideration for their possible pathogenicity. However, their effects on the nervous system's functions were not fully clarified. This study aimed to assay the impact of ELF-EMFs with different intensities on memory, anxiety, antioxidant activity, β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, and microglia population in rats.

Development of meniscus cartilage using polycaprolactone and decellularized meniscus surface modified by gelatin, hyaluronic acid biomacromolecules: A rabbit model.

The lack of vascularization in the white-red and white zone of the meniscus causes these zones of tissue to have low self-healing capacity in case of injury and accelerate osteoarthritis (OA). In this study, we have developed hybrid constructs using polycaprolactone (PCL) and decellularized meniscus extracellular matrix (DMECM) surface modified by gelatin (G), hyaluronic acid (HU) and selenium (Se) nanoparticles (PCL/DMECM/G/HU/Se), following by the cross-linking of the bio-polymeric surface. Material characterization has been performed on the fabricated scaffold using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, swelling and degradation analyses, and mechanical tests.

Toward in Vitro Production of Platelet from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.

Platelets (PLTs) are small anucleate blood cells that release from polyploidy megakaryocytes(MKs). PLT transfusion is standard therapy to prevent hemorrhage. PLT transfusion is donor-dependent way which have limitations including the inadequate donor blood supply, poor quality, and issues related to infection and immunity.

A comparative study of the effects of crab derived exosomes and doxorubicin in 2 & 3-dimensional in vivo models of breast cancer.

Introduction: Using tissue engineering and modifying the tumor microenvironment, three-dimensional (3D) in vitro and in vivo cancer modeling can be performed with appropriate similarity to native. Exosomes derived from different sources have recently been used in cancer studies due to their anticancer effects. In this study, the effect of crab derived exosomes in 2 & 3-dimensional (2& 3D) in vivo models of breast cancer (BC) were investigated and compared with the doxorubicin (DOX).

A Decrease in CD44 on Cell Surfaces (MKN-45 cell line) After RELA Knockout Using CRISPR/Cas9.

The NF-kB signaling pathway was introduced as a key pathway in carcinogenesis that is induced by inflammation in gastrointestinal malignancies. The RelA transcription factor is an important component of this signaling pathway. Furthermore, CD44 is implicated in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of gastric cancer.

Isolation and Characterization of Crab Haemolymph Exosomes and Its Effects on Breast Cancer Cells (4T1).

Objective: The use of animal or plant exosomes in cancer treatment is promising because of their easy access and low cost. Freshwater crabs are used in traditional Iranian medicine to treat cancer. This study aims to determine the anti-cancer properties of exosomes removed from freshwater crabs on a breast cancer cell line (4T1) compared to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).

Immunoexpression of C4 Binding Protein in Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: The immune evasion of dysplastic cells plays an important role in suppressing the immune response and progression of malignancy. The role of the complement inhibitors in the development of oral epithelial dysplastic lesions and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is still unclear.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the expression of C4 binding protein (C4BP) as a complement inhibitor in oral squamous cell carcinoma and leukoplakia.

The effect of Scrophularia striata on cell attachment and biocompatibility of decellularized bovine pericardia.

Since using tissue transplantation has faced limitations all over the world, regenerative medicine has introduced decellularized tissues as natural scaffolds and researchers are trying to improve their efficiency and function. In this study, to increase cell attachment and ultimately cell proliferation on decellularized bovine pericardia, scrophularia striata extract was used. Scrophularia striata is an Iranian traditional medicinal plant.

Macroporous scaffold surface modified with biological macromolecules and piroxicam-loaded gelatin nanofibers toward meniscus cartilage repair.

Meniscus cartilage has poor self-healing capacity in the inner zone and its damage leads to articular cartilage degeneration. Here we have developed hybrid constructs using polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyurethane (PU) surface modified by gelatin (G), chitosan (C), and hyaluronic acid (H) biomacromolecules and piroxicam-loaded gelatin nanofibers (PCL/PU/GCH/P). The surface of constructs was crosslinked using EDC and NHS.

Tumor-resident adenosine-producing mesenchymal stem cells as a potential target for cancer treatment.

The development of new therapies based on tumor biology is one of the main topics in cancer treatment. In this regard, investigating the microenvironment and cellular composition of the tumor is of particular interest. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a major group of cells in the tumor tissue and play a critical role in tumor growth and development.

Regenerative Medicine Approaches in COVID-19 Pneumonia.

Regenerative medicine (RM) is an interdisciplinary field that uses different approaches to accelerate the repair and regeneration or replace damaged or diseased human cells or tissues to achieve normal tissue function. These approaches include the stimulation of the body's own repair processes, transplantation of progenitor cells, stem cells, or tissues, as well as the use of cells and exosomes as delivery-vehicles for cytokines, genes, or other therapeutic agents. COVID-19 pneumonia is a specific disease consistent with diffuse alveolar damage resulting in severe hypoxemia.

Evaluating the effects of vacuum on the microstructure and biocompatibility of bovine decellularized pericardium.

The aim of this study was evaluating the effects of vacuum on microstructure and biocompatibility of bovine decellularized pericardium. So the bovine pericardia were decellularized and then the vacuum was applied for two periods of time; 90 and 180 min. DNA, glucose amino glycan, collagen and elastin content assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome stainings performed to evaluate microstructure of tissues.

Corneal epithelium tissue engineering: recent advances in regeneration and replacement of corneal surface.

Currently, many corneal diseases are treated by corneal transplantation, artificial corneal implantation or, in severe cases, keratoprosthesis. Owing to the shortage of cornea donors and the risks involved with artificial corneal implants, such as infection transmission, researchers continually seek new approaches for corneal regeneration. Corneal tissue engineering is a promising approach that has attracted much attention from researchers and is focused on regenerative strategies using various biomaterials in combination with different cell types.

A three dimensional in vivo model of breast cancer using a thermosensitive chitosan-based hydrogel and 4 T1 cell line in Balb/c.

The two-dimensional (2D) models of breast cancer still exhibit a limited success. Whereas, three-dimensional (3D) models provide more similar conditions to the tumor for growth of cancer cells. In this regard, a 3D in vivo model of breast cancer using 4 T1 cells and chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel were designed.