Insecticidal activities of cinnamic acid esters isolated from Ocimum gratissimum L. and Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn leaves against Tribolium castaneum Hebst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).

Background: Pest management using botanicals has been widely practiced in sub-Saharan Africa and other parts of the world in recent times. The natural compounds present in these botanicals are known to be responsible for the protection they offer against insect pests. Some of these compounds may act as single compounds to produce an effect or they may be synergistically effective.