Laboratory diagnosis of a new outbreak of acute African swine fever in smallholder pig farms in Jos, Nigeria.

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious fatal infectious disease of pigs and wild suids. The disease has a worldwide occurrence and significant impact on pig production. Two adult intensively raised large white boars from two farms in Jos with a history of sudden death were diagnosed of ASF between July and August 2019.

Protective effect of intranasal peste des petits ruminants virus and bacterin vaccinations: Clinical, hematological, serological, and serum oxidative stress changes in challenged goats.

Background And Aim: The current vaccination for peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is stalled by myriad challenges and continuous endemicity of pneumonia due to fulminant bacterial complication in goats. The present study evaluated the protective effect of intranasal PPRV linage 1 and bacterine vaccinations.

Materials And Methods: Twelve West African Dwarf (WAD) goats aged 6 months were randomly grouped and vaccinated within 2 weeks using a combination of PPRV lineage 1 vaccine (Nig/75), and bacterin from (Mh) or intranasally.

Histological and immunohistochemical assessments of pneumonia in sheep slaughtered at Ibadan, Nigeria and Kumasi, Ghana.

There is a decline in sheep production and contribution to the economy. This study described the histological pattern, immunohistochemically demonstrate bacterial and viral agents of pneumonia in sheep slaughtered in metropolitan abattoirs in Nigeria and Ghana. A total of 805 (600 in Ghana and 205 in Nigeria) sheep lungs were examined for pneumonic lesions.

Outbreaks of Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease in Flocks of Battery Cage Brooding System of Commercial Chickens.

Clinical and pathological investigations were conducted on outbreaks of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in pullets under brooding using the battery cage system in a commercial poultry farm in Kaduna, Nigeria. Two consecutive outbreaks of IBD on the same farm were studied. The onset of the disease and morbidity and mortality rates were recorded.

Clinicopathological observations in experimental peste des petit ruminants virus and Mannheimia haemolytica A:2 co-infection in goats.

The experiment describes for the first time the clinicopathological features of the co-infection of Peste des petit Ruminants (PPR) virus and Mannheimia haemolytica,in goats. Twenty clinically healthy goats, six months of age were used. 15 goats were infected by intratracheal inoculation of 1ml of pure cultured 106.

Experimental infection of Peste des Petit Ruminant virus and Mannheimia haemolytica A2 in goats: immunolocalisation of Mannheimia haemolytica antigens.

Nigerian strain of Peste des Petit Ruminant (PPR) virus and Mannheimia haemolytica (MH) biotype A serotype 2, was used successfully to reproduce a concurrent disease in West African Dwarf goats. The development of the various pathological features were studied at regular intervals following infection. The acute inflammatory reaction which had developed by day 3 after initial infection was characterised by flooding of the alveoli by neutrophils, oedema, hemorrhage and syncytial cells together with a moderate bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial necrosis.

Influence of minerals on the aetiology of geophagia in periurban dairy cattle in the derived savannah of Nigeria.

The aetiology of geophagia in periurban dairy cattle in Nigeria was assessed in relation to the mineral status of the serum, the herbage consumed, and the soil from where the herbage was consumed. The study was carried out using nine herds in the derived savannah zone during both the wet and dry seasons. Generally, the Na, Ca, Fe, Zn and Cu levels in the samples were adequate.

Clinical and pathological features of Nigerian equine encephalitis.

Thirteen cases of a disease with a low morbidity and very high mortality in horses in Nigeria are described; the disease is characterised by fever (rectal temperature > or = 40 degrees C), generalised muscle spasms, ataxia, increased respiratory and heart rates and terminal lateral recumbency. The illness generally lasts three to five days but durations of 12 to 30 hours have been observed. Laboratory investigations, including histopathology and serology suggest a viral aetiology, possibly an alphavirus of the equine encephalitis group.

Haematological changes in ewes experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei.

Changes in the haematological values were studied in West African Dwarf ewes infected with Trypanosoma brucei. This disease was characterized by a normocytic normochromic anaemia in the acute phase and a severe macrocytosis during the chronicity. The observed changes suggest inadequate erythropoiesis in the acute phase while the chronic phase had a superior but still inadequate erythropoietic response with persistent anaemia.

Serum biochemical changes in West African Dwarf sheep experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei.

Serum and plasma biochemical values were determined in female West African Dwarf sheep experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei. The results show an increase in the values of serum iron, chloride, bicarbonate, inorganic phosphate, creatinine, urea, total protein, globulin and plasma fibrinogen. The serum albumin, albumin/globulin ratio, potassium, copper and magnesium values are depressed.

A clinical note on Haemophilus aegyptius infection in sheep in Nigeria.

An outbreak of Haemophilus aegyptius infection in a livestock farm located in Maya, Oyo State, Nigeria is reported. Diagnosis was based on clinical signs of central nervous system disturbance, histopathological findings of meningoencephalomyelitis, acute multifocal necrotising purulent hepatitis and the isolation of Haemophilus aegyptius from the spinal cord. Other diseases that can cause nervous disturbance are discussed.

Globule leukocytes and bovine parasitic bronchitis.

Globule leucocytes (GL) occur in the respiratory tract of cattle from foetuses to adult animals. Large numbers of this cell have been found in the lungs of cows both in normal lung and in the lungs of cows from various outbreaks of respiratory diseases, but the significance was not known. In the rat and in cattle, the occurrence of GL in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts has been associated with parasitic infections.

Pathogenicity of two strains of Newcastle disease virus in the grey-breasted helmet guinea fowl.

Thirty-five 6-week-old guinea fowl keets, seronegative for maternal antibodies to Newcastle disease virus, were infected with Herts strain (33/56) and Kumarov strain of Newcastle disease virus intramucularly (IM) or intranasally (IN). Clinical signs were first noticed four days post infection (PI) in the group infected IM but five days PI in the group infected IN with Herts strain of Newcastle disease virus. These clinical signs were similar in both groups and included anorexia, droopiness, huddling together, greenish diarrhoea and marked cachexia.

An outbreak of listeriosis in cattle in Nigeria.

An outbreak of listeriosis in a herd of cattle associated with still birth, abortion, nervous signs and death is reported. Typical micro abscesses in the brain were not observed on histopathology but a marked purulent meningitis was seen and Listeria monocytogenes was isolated on culture.

Pathogenicity of Trypanosoma brucei brucei in experimentally infected pigs.

An experimental infection of 4-to 5-month old pigs with a stock of Trypanosoma brucei brucei resulted in a high parasitaemia, anorexia, pyrexia and a decline in the packed cell volume by one third. Nervous sign of circling and wobbling of the hind legs occurred in one of the pigs which at necropsy revealed a very severe meningo-encephalitis and the presence of trypanosomes in the brain. These results confirm that T.

Morphological, histochemical and ultrastructural features of the globule leukocyte of the bovine respiratory tract.

The histochemical and ultrastructural features of the globular leukocyte of the bovine respiratory tract is described and found to be similar to those localized in the abomasum and bile ducts of cattle. Histochemical analysis of these cells demonstrated low amounts of carboxylated mucin mixed with neutral mucin and large amounts of basic protein. Two types of globules were seen in the leucocytes; one with a homegeneous electron dense material and another with vesiculated, crastalloid containing bodies.

The globule leucocyte: morphology, origin, function and fate, a review.

A review of the literature concerning the origin, function and fate of the globular leukocyte is presented. The possible relationship of this cell to other cells such as erythrocytes, mast cells and lymphocytes in general is discussed with an aim toward delineating the probable functions of the cell. Although the globular leukocyte has been described in many species and in a variety of organs, its origin, fate and function remain to be clearly elucidated.

Reproductive disorders in African trypanosomiasis: a review.

Reproductive disorders are frequently seen in human beings and in animals infected with tsetse-transmitted (African)trypanosomiasis. The disorders include irregular menstrual (or oestrus) cycle, infertility, abortion and impotence. Intrauterine infections occasionally occur, resulting in still birth or neonatal mortality.

Ejaculate characteristics of sheep infected with Trypanosoma brucei and T vivax: changes caused by treatment with diminazene aceturate.

The effect of Trypanosoma brucei and T vivax on the ejaculate of sheep and the rate of recovery with diminazene aceturate treatment was investigated. Animals were made to ejaculate once a week before infection, during infection and after treatment. Parameters studied were semen volume, semen colour, sperm motility and concentration, percentage dead spermatozoa and sperm morphology.

The prevalence, gross lesions and histopathology of aortic onchocerciasis in Nigerian cattle.

The incidence of aortic onchocerciasis due to Onchocerca armillata among slaughtered cattle in Ibadan, Nigeria, was about 2 per cent between 1979 and 1980. The average number of nodules per thoracic aorta was 7 and the mean size of each nodule was 9.7 +/- 2.

Delay in resolution of trypanosome-induced genital lesions in male rabbits infected with Trypanosoma brucei and treated with diminazene aceturate.

The effects of drug therapy on the resolution of the genital lesions accompanying systemic Trypanosoma brucei infection was investigated using male California White rabbits. Infected animals were treated with diminazene aceturate two to 13 days after the onset of gross scrotal lesions; they were killed at different intervals after treatment to determine the histological evidence of healing of the genital lesions. It was found that, although parasites disappeared soon after treatment, regeneration of seminiferous epithelium depended on the severity of the initial lesions.