Brain Metabolite Changes After Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Objectives: Previous research has provided evidence that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can reduce severity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, the exact mechanism of this effect is still unknown. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy has demonstrated low levels of brain metabolites in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), amygdala, and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in individuals with ASD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of anodal tDCS on social functioning of individuals with ASD, as measured by the social subscale of the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC), through correlations between pretreatment and posttreatment concentrations of brain metabolites in the areas of interest (DLPFC, ACC, amygdala, and locus coeruleus) and scores on the ATEC social subscale.

Outcome of anesthetic management for children with craniofacial deformities.

Background: The challenge for anesthetic management for children with craniofacial deformities is to develop comprehensive anesthetic care. The purposes of this study were to review the authors' experience with airway management and ventilator support and evaluate outcome during the perioperative period among these patients at the Tawanchai Center, Srinagarind Hospital.

Methods: A retrospective (2005-2009), descriptive study was conducted to analyze the anesthetic management and perioperative outcomes among children with craniofacial deformities at the Tawanchai Center.