Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease on Distinct Microbial Communities at the Bacterial Phylum Level.

Introduction: Limited data are available on the correlation between microbial communities and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This study aimed to evaluate the influence of MAFLD on diverse microbial communities.

Methods: We recruited 43 patients with a nonviral liver disease.

Impact of body composition for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who received atezolizumab plus bevacizumab therapy.

Objective: To investigate the association between body composition and prognosis in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab.

Methods: This cohort study analysed 119 patients who received atezolizumab plus bevacizumab for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. We investigated the association between body composition and progression-free survival and overall survival.

Impact of liver fibrosis on the relative abundance of a urease-positive Streptococcus salivarius group from saliva in patients with chronic liver disease.

Aim: We performed genomic analysis to study the relative abundance of a urease-positive Streptococcus salivarius group isolated from the saliva of patients with chronic liver disease.

Methods: Male and female patients with chronic liver disease aged over 20 years were included. First, we assessed the frequency and type of the S.

gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel actinomycete of the family .

An actinomycete strain K14-0274 was isolated from the root of Blume subsp. (H. Hara) H.

sp. nov., isolated from soil on Iheya Island, Japan.

A novel actinomycete, designated strain OK19-0408, was isolated from soil collected on Iheya island, Okinawa prefecture, Japan. Using the polyphasic taxonomic approach, comparing 16S rRNA gene sequences, the new isolate was found to be most closely related to JCM12675 (98.71 %).

Mycelial differentiation linked avermectin production in Streptomyces avermitilis studied with Raman imaging.

Streptomyces avermitilis is a gram-positive bacterium that undergoes complex physiological and morphological differentiation during its life cycle, which has implications in secondary metabolite production. Avermectin, produced by S. avermitilis, is widely used as an anthelmintic and insecticidal agent.

Antibiotic-resistant status and pathogenic clonal complex of canine Streptococcus canis-associated deep pyoderma.

Background: Streptococcus canis causes deep pyoderma in canines, which raises concerns about the risk of isolates from lesions acquiring an antibiotic-resistant phenotype. It is necessary to identify effective antibiotics and the characteristics of the pathogenic cluster for S. canis-associated deep pyoderma.

The change rate in serum nitric oxide may affect lenvatinib therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Lenvatinib is appropriate for reducing the production of nitric oxide (NO) and facilitating as block angiogenesis. However, to our knowledge, there are no data that support the correlation between NO and clinical response in patients who received lenvatinib therapy for HCC. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between the change rate of NO levels and clinical responses including adverse events (AEs) after lenvatinib therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Evaluation of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease Shows Different Results Based on Bioelectric Impedance Analysis and Computed Tomography.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the difference between computed tomography (CT)-based and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-based assessment of sarcopenia in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD).

Methods: We enrolled a total of 257 patients who were evaluated with or without sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was defined as a low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) with low muscular strength by the Japan Society of Hepatology.

Fecal microbiota transplantation as therapy for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection is associated with amelioration of delirium and accompanied by changes in fecal microbiota and the metabolome.

Recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) is a frustrating condition that may affect a person's quality of life for months. Microbiome-based therapy such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been effective for the treatment of rCDI by correcting the imbalance of the gut microbiota. Appropriate antibiotic treatment is recommended for at least two recurrences before offering FMT.

Analysis of a plasmid encoding botulinum neurotoxin type G gene in Clostridium argentinense.

Clostridium argentinense produces botulinum neurotoxin type G (BoNT/G). We sequenced and analyzed the plasmid harboring the bont/G gene, designated pCAG, in C. argentinense strain 2740.

Kozupeptins, Antimalarial Agents Produced by Paracamarosporium Species: Isolation, Structural Elucidation, Total Synthesis, and Bioactivity.

Kozupeptins A and B, novel antimalarial lipopeptides, were isolated from the culture broths of Paracamarosporium sp. FKI-7019. They exhibited potent antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains in vitro.

Nanaomycin I and J: New nanaomycins generated by mycothiol-mediated compounds from "Streptomyces rosa subsp. notoensis" OS-3966.

Two new nanaomycin analogs, nanaomycin I and J, were isolated from a cultured broth of an actinomycete strain, "Streptomyces rosa subsp. notoensis" OS-3966. In our previous study, we have confirmed the occurrence of nanaomycin I (m/z = 482 [M + H]) that lacks a pseudo-disaccharide from the mycothiol of nanaomycin H under same culture condition.

Hamuramicins A and B, 22-membered macrolides, produced by an endophytic actinomycete Allostreptomyces sp. K12-0794.

Two new compounds, designated as hamuramicins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the cultured broth of an endophytic actinomycete Allostreptomyces sp. K12-0794 by silica gel column chromatography and HPLC. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated as 22-membered macrolide containing triene and trienone with an alkyl side chain by spectroscopic analyses including NMR experiments.

Identification and heterologous expression of the actinoallolide biosynthetic gene cluster.

Actinoallolides are anti-trypanosomal macrolides isolated from the secondary metabolites of two endophytic actinomycete strains, Actinoallomurus fulvus MK10-036 and K09-0307. A putative actinoallolide biosynthetic gene cluster was predicted from the genome sequence of the strain K09-0307. The gene cluster spans a contiguous 53 kb DNA region that comprises seven genes encoding three PKSs (aalA1, aalA2, and aalA3), cytochrome P450 (aalB), acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (aalC), crotonyl-CoA reductase (aalD), and TetR family regulator (aalR).

Streptomyces boninensis sp. nov., isolated from soil from a limestone cave in the Ogasawara Islands.

Actinomycete strain K11-0400 was isolated from a soil sample collected in the Ogasawara Islands (also known as the Bonin Islands), Tokyo, Japan. Mature spore chains of strain K11-0400 had more than 20 spores per chain. The strain contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid in whole-cell hydrolysates, and MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) were the predominant menaquinones.

Actinomadura barringtoniae sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the roots of Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn.

A novel actinomycete strain, designated GKU 128, isolated from the roots of an Indian oak tree [Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn.] at Khao Khitchakut district, Chantaburi province, Thailand, was characterized by using a polyphasic approach.

Saccharomonospora colocasiae sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from the rhizosphere of Colocasia esculenta.

A non-Streptomyces actinomycete, designated as strain S265, was isolated from rhizosphere collected under an elephant ear plant (Colocasia esculenta) in Bangkok, Thailand. The taxonomic position of this strain was determined by a polyphasic approach. Strain S265 formed single globose spores on long, branching, aerial hyphae.