Evaluation of a novel modified selective medium cefixime-tellurite-phosphate-xylose-rhamnose MacConkey agar for the isolation of Escherichia albertii from diarrheal stool specimens.

It is challenging to isolate Escherichia albertii from clinical specimens. Therefore, a medium that can selectively grow E. albertii and differentiate it from E.

Development of a novel modified selective medium cefixime-tellurite-phosphate-xylose-rhamnose MacConkey agar for isolation of Escherichia albertii and its evaluation with food samples.

Since cefixime and tellurite are known to inhibit most bacteria belonging to Enterobacterales, we found that addition of tellurite inhibited E. albertii growth in Luria Bertani broth but not in tryptic soy broth (TSB), and addition of phosphate and soy peptone enhanced E. albertii growth in TSB in presence of tellurite.

Detection of prolong excretion of in stool specimens of a 7-year-old child by a newly developed gene-based quantitative real-time PCR method and molecular characterization of the isolates.

is an emerging zoonotic foodborne pathogen The clinical significance of this bacterium has increasingly been recognized worldwide. However, diagnostic method has not yet been established and its clinical manifestations are not fully understood. Here, we show that an gene-based quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) developed in this study is 100% specific and sensitive when tested with 39  and 36 non- strains, respectively.

Presence of Functionally Active Cytolethal Distending Toxin Genes on a Conjugative Plasmid in a Clinical Isolate of Providencia rustigianii.

Providencia rustigianii is potentially enteropathogenic in humans. Recently, we identified a strain carrying a part of the gene homologous to that of that produces an exotoxin called cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), encoded by three subunit genes (, , and ). In this study, we analyzed the strain for possible presence of the entire gene cluster and its organization, location, and mobility, as well as expression of the toxin as a putative virulence factor of .

Nationwide and long-term molecular epidemiologic studies of mumps viruses that circulated in Japan between 1986 and 2017.

In Japan, major mumps outbreaks still occur every 4-5 years because of low mumps vaccine coverage (30-40%) owing to the voluntary immunization program. Herein, to prepare for a regular immunization program, we aimed to reveal the nationwide and long-term molecular epidemiological trends of the mumps virus (MuV) in Japan. Additionally, we performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using next-generation sequencing to assess results from conventional genotyping using MuV sequences of the small-hydrophobic (SH) gene.

Efficiency of the novel quenching-probe PCR method to detect 23S rRNA mutations in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

An automated rapid molecular diagnostic kit (Smart Gene Myco) was recently developed for individual detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) genes. This new testing approach requires no special equipment and skills and can be completed within 50 min. We prospectively evaluated this diagnostic kit, along with other conventional tests, for pneumonia diagnosis in children.

Development of XRM-MacConkey agar selective medium for the isolation of Escherichia albertii.

Escherichia albertii has increasingly been recognized as an emerging pathogen. However, lack of selective medium for E. albertii is the bottleneck for clinical and epidemiological investigations.

Development of a specific cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene (Eacdt)-based PCR assay for the detection of Escherichia albertii.

Many Escherichia albertii isolates, an emerging pathogen of human and birds, might have been misidentified due to the difficulty of differentiating this bacterium from Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. by routine biochemical tests, resulting in underestimation of E. albertii infections.

Development of a multiplex PCR targeting eae, stx and cdt genes in genus Escherichia and detection of a novel cdtB gene in Providencia rustigianii.

This study was aimed to develop a multiplex PCR (m-PCR) for the detection of Escherichia coli attaching and effacing (eae), Shiga toxin (stx) and cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) genes encoding important virulence factors of diarrheagenic E. coli such as EPEC, STEC, and Escherichia albertii. For this purpose, the m-PCR was designed to detect eae, all the subtypes of stx (stx1, stx2a-g except stx2f) and cdt (I-V) genes.

Association of cytolethal distending toxin-II gene-positive Escherichia coli with Escherichia albertii, an emerging enteropathogen.

Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT)-producing Escherichia coli have been isolated from patients with diarrhea, sepsis and urinary tract infection. CDT of E. coli is divided into five types (CDT-I through CDT-V) based on differences in amino acid sequences and its genomic location.

High Prevalence of Campylobacter ureolyticus in Stool Specimens of Children with Diarrhea in Japan.

Campylobacter ureolyticus has been considered as a potentially pathogenic bacterium. In this study, a total of 586 stool samples were collected from 0-12-year-old children with diarrhea between November 2013 and April 2015 and examined with microbiological tests in the hospital for the diagnosis of common enteric pathogens including C. jejuni and C.

Isolation and Characterization of an Escherichia albertii Strain Producing Three Different Toxins from a Child with Diarrhea.

Here, we report a bacterium-isolated as the sole pathogen from a child with diarrhea-harboring eae and 2 different cytolethal distending toxin genes (cdt) that are homologous to Escherichia coli cdt-I and cdt-II. The bacterium was originally identified as atypical E. coli by conventional biochemical testing, but was finally identified as E.

Virus genotypes and responses of serum-specific antibodies in children with primary mumps and mumps reinfection.

Background: Research on children with mumps reinfection after natural infection is limited; there are currently no studies on virus-specific antibody responses in paired sera or genotyping of isolated viruses.

Methods: This study included 281 children (147 boys and 134 girls, age: 1.2-15.

A PCR-RFLP assay for the detection and differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. fetus, C. hyointestinalis, C. lari, C. helveticus and C. upsaliensis.

Although Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the most common bacterial causes of human gastrointestinal diseases, other Campylobacter species are also involved in human and animal infections. In this study, we developed a cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene-based PCR-RFLP assay for the detection and differentiation of C. jejuni, C.

Prevalence of Providencia strains among children with diarrhea in Japan.

In the present study, we examined the prevalence of Providencia spp. strains among children with diarrhea in Japan. We developed a Providencia genus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, and the specificity and sensitivity was evaluated to be 100% with various bacterial strains including 7 genera and 13 species.

A cytolethal distending toxin gene-based multiplex PCR assay for detection of Campylobacter spp. in stool specimens and comparison with culture method.

In this study, we evaluated the applicability of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene-based species-specific multiplex PCR for the direct detection and identification of Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli and C. fetus from stool specimens of patients with gastroenteritis in comparison to culture methods.

Molecular characterizations of cytolethal distending toxin produced by Providencia alcalifaciens strains isolated from patients with diarrhea.

Cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs), which block eukaryotic cell proliferation by acting as inhibitory cyclomodulins, are produced by diverse groups of Gram-negative bacteria. Active CDT is composed of three polypeptides--CdtA, CdtB, and CdtC--encoded by the genes cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC, respectively. We developed a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay for the detection and differentiation of five alleles of cdtB (Cdt-I through Cdt-V) in Escherichia coli and used the assay to investigate the prevalence and characteristic of CDT-producing E.

A new glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency variant, G6PD Mizushima, showing increases in serum ferritin and cytosol leucine aminopeptidase levels.

We made a diagnosis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency with a new mutation of 848A→G (exon 8) in a 16-year-old male patient presenting with severe hemolysis. He was administered a diclofenac sodium suppository (50 mg) at the time of first visit to our hospital because of pyrexia. In the acute phase, pyrexia, severe general fatigue, lumbar back pain, hemoglobinuria, and jaundice developed.

Distribution of virulence genes related to adhesins and toxins in shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from healthy cattle and diarrheal patients in Japan.

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolated from Japan were investigated for the distribution of virulence genes. A total of 232 STEC strains including 171 from cattle and 61 from human were examined for the occurrence of genes responsible for bacterial adhesions to intestine, e.g.

Cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt)-producing escherichia coli isolated from a child with bloody diarrhea in Japan.

In a retrospective analysis by PCR, the cdtI gene encoding the cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt) was detected in Escherichia coli O2:H12 strain isolated from the bloody diarrheal stool specimen of a child. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing the possible association of Cdt-producing E. coli in Japan, particularly in a child with bloody diarrhea.