Effect of finerenone on nephrotic syndrome in patients with diabetic kidney disease.

Introduction: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is an important complication of diabetes as it results in end-stage renal disease; hence, several drugs have been developed for its treatment. However, even with treatment with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, the residual risk of DKD remains. While this risk is an issue, the renoprotective effects of finerenone, a novel non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, are becoming evident.

Efficacy and Safety of Vildagliptin for Type 2 Diabetes in Patients With Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Background/aim: Vildagliptin is one of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors that have been shown to improve hyperglycemia in clinical trials among patients with type 2 diabetes. However, few studies have examined the efficacy of vildagliptin in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD).

Patients And Methods: Eight patients with DKD received oral vildagliptin 50-100 mg/day.

Tirzepatide Reduces Fat Mass and Provides Good Glycaemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis: A Single-Centre Retrospective Study.

Objective: Tirzepatide is an injectable peptide approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Its weight-loss effect primarily targets fat reduction; however, such effect on patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing haemodialysis (HD) has not been reported.

Methods: Nine patients with CKD undergoing HD received weekly tirzepatide doses (2.

Safety and Efficacy of Dotinurad on Uric Acid in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease With Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Below 25 mL/Min/1.73 m².

Introduction Dotinurad is being developed as a selective uric acid reabsorption inhibitor. However, its effect on lowering serum uric acid (UA) levels in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with severe renal dysfunction is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dotinurad on renal function in CKD patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 25 mL/min/1.

Effect of Sacubitril/Valsartan on Patients Having Heart Failure With Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Long-term Observational Study.

Background/aim: Sacubitril/valsartan (SV), a novel pharmacological class of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors, is effective in treating heart failure (HF) by inhibiting the degradation of natriuretic peptides and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. However, no studies have observed the long-term effects of SV on patients with HF and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) undergoing hemodialysis (HD) over a long period.

Patients And Methods: This single-center retrospective study of 21 months duration involved consecutive patients with HF and preserved LVEF undergoing HD, who received 50-200 mg/day.

Multicenter randomized controlled trial of intensive uric acid lowering therapy for CKD patients with hyperuricemia: TARGET-UA.

Background: We investigate whether Intensive uric acid (UA)-lowering therapy (ULT) provides increased renal protection compared with standard therapy in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.

Methods: This was a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Only CKD patients with hyperuricemia were included in this study.

Effects of Oral Semaglutide on Renal Function in Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Short-term Clinical Study.

Background/aim: In the SUSTAIN-6 trial, semaglutide reduced the risk of worsening nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. The objective of this retrospective study was to elucidate the effect and safety of oral semaglutide (Rybelsus) in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD).

Patients And Methods: Six patients with DKD received 3 mg/day semaglutide orally.

Case Report: IgG4-related kidney disease complicated by interstitial pneumonia.

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease is a systemic inflammatory disorder characterized by tubulointerstitial nephritis with IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration. We report the case of an 84-year-old male who presented with a history of dyspnea on exertion and cough. The lymph nodes were palpated in the axilla.

Effect of finerenone on diabetic kidney disease outcomes with estimated glomerular filtration rate below 25 mL/min/1.73 m.

Background: In the Finerenone in Reducing Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease trial, finerenone reduced the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes, while in the Finerenone in Reducing Kidney Failure and Disease Progression in Diabetic Kidney Disease trial, it improved renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with advanced CKD. However, no previous studies have assessed patients with CKD and type 2 diabetes with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 25 mL/min/1.73 m.

IgA nephropathy after COVID-19 vaccination and analysis of reported cases.

Background: Immunoglobin A nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most common forms of chronic glomerulonephritis and has been shown to occur in association with vaccinations. While various vaccines against COVID-19 have become widely used, their side effects, especially on IgAN following COVID-19 vaccines are still unclear. In this report, we describe the clinical courses and histopathologic findings of a newly diagnosed case of IgAN after receiving the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) COVID-19 vaccination.

Current findings on the efficacy of incretin-based drugs for diabetic kidney disease: A narrative review.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), leading end-stage renal disease. Thus, DKD is one of the most important diabetic complications. Incretin-based therapeutic agents, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonizts and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been reported to elicit vasotropic actions, suggesting a potential for effecting reduction in DKD.

Safety and Efficacy of Imeglimin for Type 2 Diabetes in Patients Undergoing Dialysis.

Background/aim: Imeglimin is a novel small molecular tetrahydrotriazine that has been shown to improve hyperglycemia in clinical trials among patients with type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, its pharmacokinetics in patients with renal dysfunction remain unclear. The objective of this study was to elucidate the safety and effects of imeglimin in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing dialysis.

Predictive significance of glomerular insulin receptor substrate-1 in patients with diabetic kidney disease.

Background: In rodents, glomerular expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) is decreased in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and reduced associated functioning is involved in the development and progression of DKD. This study aimed to evaluate the significance of glomerular IRS1 expression in DKD patients, and investigated whether glomerular IRS1 expression can reflect renal pathology and predict renal outcomes.

Methods: This study included 10 patients who underwent renal biopsy and were diagnosed with DKD or minor glomerular abnormality (MGA).

Effects of incretin-based therapeutic agents including tirzepatide on renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systemic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of incretin-based therapeutic agents, including the latest agent tirzepatide, on renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Cochrane databases were searched for studies involving incretin-based therapeutic agents up to July 2022. Randomized and controlled trials comparing incretin-based therapeutic agents with placebo or other antidiabetic agents, and reporting renal outcomes were selected.

Enarodustat Treatment for Renal Anemia in Patients With Non-dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background/aim: Renal anemia is a major complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), leading to morbidity and mortality. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (PHI), also called HIF stabilizers, increase endogenous erythropoietin production and are expected to be novel orally administrated agents for renal anemia in CKD. Enarodustat is being developed as an oral HIF-PHI.

Multicentric IL-5-positive Castleman Disease With Nephrotic Syndrome Relapsed After Rituximab Treatment.

Background/aim: To date, no reports of interleukin (IL)-5-producing Castleman disease with nephrotic syndrome and moreover no reports of relapse after remission with rituximab treatment, have been published.

Case Report: A 67-year-old male presented to the Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital with a history of low-grade fever, papules, and nephrotic syndrome. Lymph nodes were palpated in the inguinal region.

Experience and Daily Burden of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Not Receiving Maintenance Dialysis or Renal Transplantation.

Introduction: Daily burden of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who have not received maintenance dialysis or renal transplantation has not been well reported compared with patients receiving dialysis. We conducted a patient survey and an advisory board in Japan to investigate the experience and perception of CKD and its treatments from the patient's perspective.

Methods: An anonymous web survey (n = 342) was conducted in October and November 2020.

In vitro methods to ensure absence of residual undifferentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells intermingled in induced nephron progenitor cells.

Cell therapies using human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) are expected to ameliorate acute kidney injury (AKI). However, using hiPSC-derived NPCs clinically is a challenge because hiPSCs themselves are tumorigenic. LIN28A, ESRG, CNMD and SFRP2 transcripts have been used as a marker of residual hiPSCs for a variety of cell types undergoing clinical trials.

Role of insulin signaling and its associated signaling in glomerulus for diabetic kidney disease.

The number of patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has been rising significantly over the last several decades and is one of the most frequent causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the United States. Hyperglycemia accelerates development of DKD, a direct result of increased intracellular glucose availability. Two large clinical studies, the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial in type 1 diabetes and the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study in type 2 diabetes showed that intensive glycemic control delayed the onset and the progression of DKD.

Prediction of decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate using liver fibrosis markers: a renal biopsy-based study.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common chronic liver disease and is associated with chronic kidney disease. The fibrosis-4 index and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease score are widely used as non-invasive diagnostic methods for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the relationship between these markers and specific renal histopathologies in chronic kidney disease remain unclear.

A Narrative Review of Diabetic Kidney Disease: Previous and Current Evidence-Based Therapeutic Approaches.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most important diabetic complications. DKD is also the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease. This review focused on potential therapeutic drugs for which there is established evidence of treatment for DKD.

Treatment of Renal Anemia in Patients With Hemodialysis Using Hypoxia-inducible Factor (HIF) Stabilizer, Roxadustat: A Short-term Clinical Study.

Background/aim: Renal anemia is a major complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hemodialysis, increasing morbidity and mortality. Roxadustat is a novel oral hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (PHI), which is administrated for renal anemia. Different from erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), Roxadustat could increase erythropoietin physiologically, improving the therapeutic effects.

Mitochondria-targeted drugs for diabetic kidney disease.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most frequent causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the United States. Chronic hyperglycemic conditions are thought to be the primary cause of DKD. However, it is clinically difficult to achieve glycemic control in individuals with diabetes.

Protective Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid on the Glomerular Endothelium via Inhibition of EndMT in Diabetes.

Diabetes-induced endothelial pathologies are hypothesized to lead to the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) possibly induces fibrosis, leading to glomerulosclerosis in the kidney. Furthermore, this could lead to albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy due to glomerular endothelial dysfunction.