Next-Generation Sequencing of an 88-Year-Old Specimen of the Poorly Known Species Liagora japonica (Nemaliales, Rhodophyta) Supports the Recognition of Otohimella gen. nov.

Liagora japonica is a red algal species distributed in temperate regions of Japan. This species has not been collected from its type locality on the Pacific coast of Japan since 1927 and seems to have become extinct in this area. For molecular characterization of L.

A Ribbon-like Structure in the Ejective Organelle of the Green Microalga Pyramimonas parkeae (Prasinophyceae) Consists of Core Histones and Polymers Containing N-acetyl-glucosamine.

The green microalga, Pyramimonas parkeae (Prasinophyceae) has an ejective organelle containing a coiled ribbon structure resembling the ejectisome in Cryptophyta. This structure is discharged from the cell by a stimulus and extends to form a tube-like structure, but the molecular components of the structure have not been identified. Tricine-SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that the ribbon-like structure of P.

The effect of temporal information among events on Bayesian causal inference in rats.

A temporal relationship between events of potential cause and effect is critical to generate a causal relationship because the cause has to be followed by the effect. The present study investigated the role of temporal relationships between events in causal inference in rats via Pavlovian pairings. In Experiment 1A, subjects in Group Successive received training trials whereby Event 1 (tone or light) was followed by Events 2 (light or tone) and 3 (sucrose solution), whereas those in Group Simultaneous received simultaneous pairings of Events 1 and 2, and Events 1 and 3.

The Hawaiian Rhodophyta Biodiversity Survey (2006-2010): a summary of principal findings.

Background: The Hawaiian red algal flora is diverse, isolated, and well studied from a morphological and anatomical perspective, making it an excellent candidate for assessment using a combination of traditional taxonomic and molecular approaches. Acquiring and making these biodiversity data freely available in a timely manner ensures that other researchers can incorporate these baseline findings into phylogeographic studies of Hawaiian red algae or red algae found in other locations.

Results: A total of 1,946 accessions are represented in the collections from 305 different geographical locations in the Hawaiian archipelago.

The Hawaiian Algal Database: a laboratory LIMS and online resource for biodiversity data.

Background: Organization and presentation of biodiversity data is greatly facilitated by databases that are specially designed to allow easy data entry and organized data display. Such databases also have the capacity to serve as Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS). The Hawaiian Algal Database was designed to showcase specimens collected from the Hawaiian Archipelago, enabling users around the world to compare their specimens with our photographs and DNA sequence data, and to provide lab personnel with an organizational tool for storing various biodiversity data types.

Ser46 phosphorylation of p53 is not always sufficient to induce apoptosis: multiple mechanisms of regulation of p53-dependent apoptosis.

The tumor suppressor gene p53 plays a central role in determining cell fate in response to DNA damage; cells may undergo either senescence or apoptosis, depending on cell type. Phosphorylation of Serine 46 (Ser(46)) of p53 is considered to be a primary determinant for the induction of apoptosis, by selectively inducing transactivation of p53 target genes that have proapoptotic function. However, the generality of this mechanism of regulation of p53 remains a matter of debate.

Lumbar instability and clinical symptoms: which is the more critical factor for symptoms: sagittal translation or segment angulation?

Background: The relationship between radiologic instability and its symptoms is controversial. Previous authors consider flexion-extension radiographs to be of little value in evaluating instability; however, the current authors consider the variation of results in evaluating radiologic instability to be the result of limitations in previous researchers' methods.

Methods: In this report, sagittal translation and angulation at the L4-L5 segment were measured in flexion-extension films in 1,090 outpatients with low back and/or leg pain using a three-landmark measuring method.

Age distribution of three radiologic factors for lumbar instability: probable aging process of the instability with disc degeneration.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study of 880 outpatients with low back and/or leg pain regarding age distribution of three radiologic factors.

Objectives: To investigate the proportion and relationship of three individual radiologic factors with age on segmental instability in sagittal plane in consecutive age groups.

Summary Of Background Data: Previous studies revealed relationships between radiologic factors for instability and symptoms; however, little is known about the relationship between factors and age except in degenerative spondylolisthesis.

Radiculopathy due to ossification of the yellow ligament at the lower lumbar spine.

Study Design: A case report.

Objectives: To report a rare case of a 27-year-old female with ossification of yellow ligament at the lower lumbar spine presenting radiculopathy with a drop foot.

Summary Of Background Data: The majority of cases of ossification of yellow ligament occur at the lower third of the thoracic or the thoracolumbar spine.

Symptomatic hematoma of lumbar facet joint: joint apoplexy of the spine?

Study Design: A case report.

Objectives: To report and discuss a rare case of epidural hematoma that was considered to be formed as a result of idiopathic bleeding occurring at the facet joint (joint apoplexy).

Summary Of The Background Data: Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma is a relatively rare condition.

Cervical laminoplasty: evaluation of bone bonding of a high porosity hydroxyapatite spacer.

Object: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a high-porosity hydroxyapatite (HA) spacer in cervical laminoplasty. Bone-spacer bonding rates, complications associated with the implant, and factors related to bone bonding were examined.

Methods: The authors evaluated 33 consecutive patients with cervical myelopathy who underwent high-porosity HA spacer-assisted laminoplasty and were followed for at least 1 year (mean 30 months).

Lumbar multilevel degenerative spondylolisthesis: radiological evaluation and factors related to anterolisthesis and retrolisthesis.

Radiographs of 3,259 outpatients with low back disorders were examined for age, gender, level, direction, degree of slip, lumbar lordosis, pedicle-facet (P-F) angle, facet shape, and disc height. Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis was found in 284 (8.7%) of the patients, of which 83 were excluded.