Does Raising Livestock Improve Household Food Security and Child Dietary Diversity in a Rural Region of Madagascar?

Madagascar is one of the poorest countries and has an alarming prevalence of food insecurity and child undernutrition. Most of the Malagasy population live from agricultural activities making livestock a livelihood asset and a source of animal-source foods, especially for smallholder farmers. This study aimed to examine the association between livestock ownership, household food security, and children's dietary diversity in a rural region of Madagascar.

Effect of Mid-Adolescent Dietary Practices on Eating Behaviors and Attitudes in Adulthood.

This paper aimed to clarify the association of mid-adolescent dietary practices and experiences with adult eating behavior and attitudes using individual data from the "Survey of Attitudes toward (food and nutrition education), 2019" put forth by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan. We applied conditional mixed-process models to estimate the parameters simultaneously, and used them to predict current eating consciousness, current eating behaviors in a balanced diet, dietary behavior, and attitudes toward preventing or improving lifestyle-related diseases as dependent variables. As a result, compared to those who did not have good dietary practices and experiences in mid-adolescence, participants who had good dietary practices and experiences in the same period displayed greater interest in practicing a healthier diet.

Phase II Trial of the Combination of Alectinib with Bevacizumab in Alectinib Refractory -Positive Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NLCTG1501).

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase ()-positive lung cancer is a rare cancer that occurs in approximately 5% of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLCs) patients. Despite the excellent efficacy of ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitor in -positive NSCLCs, most patients experience resistance. We conducted a phase II study to investigate the combination of alectinib with bevacizumab in -positive NSCLC patients after failure of alectinib.

Support for fungal infection treatment mediated by pharmacist-led antifungal stewardship activities.

Objective: At the Yokohama General Hospital, pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) including antifungal stewardship programs (AFP) were started in 2012. To investigate the efficacy of the programs, we compared several parameters that are recommended for the measurement of ASP in Japan based on pre- and post-AFP activities.

Patients And Methods: The subjects were inpatients who developed candidemia between April 2008 and March 2016.

Interface Fluid Syndrome Induced by Uncontrolled Intraocular Pressure Without Triggering Factors After LASIK in a Glaucoma Patient: A Case Report.

This study sought to describe a glaucoma patient with interface fluid syndrome (IFS) induced by uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) without triggering factors after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Case report and review of the literature. A 23-year-old man with open-angle glaucoma underwent bilateral LASIK for myopia in 2009.

Successful treatment with noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation based on the prediction of disease onset using CT and respiratory function tests in an elderly patient with relapsing polychondritis.

An 83-year-old man who had been receiving treatment for bronchial asthma since 62 years of age experienced difficulty breathing on exertion and was admitted to the hospital. On admission, computed tomography revealed tracheal wall thickening, while test results for antinuclear antibodies and anti-type II collagen antibodies were positive. Since a saddle nose deformity, malacia of the auricles and sensorineural deafness were also observed, relapsing polychondritis was diagnosed.

[A case of severe influenza (H1N1) 2009 virus pneumonia identified by virus culture instead of PCR].

A 70-year-old man was being treated for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which had been well controlled. He was seen at our emergency outpatient department on October 24, 2009, for respiratory distress and mild fever. Point-of-care testing for influenza, general bacteria, and acid-fast bacilli in the sputum, were negative.

COMPARISON OF THE FEMORAL HEAD HEIGHT/NECK LENGTH RATIO BETWEEN THE UNAFFECTED HIP OF PATIENTS WITH A UNILATERAL SLIPPED FEMORAL HEAD AND THE HIPS OF INDIVIDUALS WITHOUT A SLIPPED FEMORAL HEAD.

Objective - To compare the head/neck ratio on the contralateral side of patients with a unilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) with control individuals. Methods - Seventeen patients who were followed up at the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil, between 1985 and 2007, were assessed. The control group consisted of 34 individuals from the same place who were matched for gender and age, with a history of trauma that necessitated pelvic radiography.

Correlations between radiographic, magnetic resonance and histological examinations on the degeneration of human lumbar intervertebral discs.

Context And Objective: There is controversy regarding which imaging method is best for identifying early degenerative alterations in intervertebral discs. No correlations between such methods and histological finds are presented in the literature. The aim of this study was to correlate the thickness of intervertebral discs measured on simple radiographs with the degree of degeneration seen on magnetic resonance images and the histological findings relating to nerve ends inside the discs.

CORRELATION BETWEEN AVASCULAR NECROSIS AND EARLY STABILIZATION OF PROXIMAL FEMORAL FRACTURES IN CHILDHOOD.

Objective: We developed this study with the aim of evaluating the results from treating patients with proximal femoral fractures, in a series of cases. We sought to observe the influence of the most prevalent complications on the final results after a minimum follow-up of two years. We especially considered the relationship between establishment of avascular necrosis and the time between the accident and the therapeutic intervention.

Genetic aspects of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in a family with multiple affected members: a research article.

Background: The etiology of idiopathic scoliosis remains unknown and different factors have been suggested as causal. Hereditary factors can also determine the etiology of the disease; however, the pattern of inheritance remains unknown. Autosomal dominant, X-linked and multifactorial patterns of inheritances have been reported.

Assessment of a new piezoelectric transducer sensor for noninvasive cardiorespiratory monitoring of newborn infants in the NICU.

Background: Electrocardiogram (ECG) and impedance pneumography (IPG), the most widely used techniques for cardiorespiratory monitoring in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), have the disadvantage of causing skin damage when used for very premature newborn infants. To prevent skin damage, we designed a new piezoelectric transducer (PZT) sensor.

Objective: To assess the potential of the PZT sensor for cardiorespiratory monitoring in the NICU.

Ascorbic acid protects the newborn rat brain from hypoxic-ischemia.

Ascorbic acid (AA) is a potent antioxidant, and its neuroprotective effect has not been established yet. Using the Rice-Vannucci model, we examined the effect of AA on hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury in the immature rat brain. Under isoflurane anesthesia, 7-day-old rat pups received 750 mg/kg of AA by intraperitoneal injection just before hypoxic exposure; 8% oxygen for 90 min.

Plasticity and injury in the developing brain.

The child's brain is more malleable or plastic than that of adults and this accounts for the ability of children to learn new skills quickly or recovery from brain injuries. Several mechanisms contribute to this ability including overproduction and deletion of neurons and synapses, and activity-dependent stabilization of synapses. The molecular mechanisms for activity-dependent synaptic plasticity are being discovered and this is leading to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of several disorders including neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, Fragile X syndrome and Rett syndrome.

Osteopontin expression in the liver with severe perisinusoidal fibrosis: autopsy case of Down syndrome with transient myeloproliferative disorder.

Down syndrome with transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) is often associated with perinatal liver fibrosis. The authors recently encountered an autopsy case of this disease with a characteristic severe perisinusoidal liver fibrosis. Osteopontin (OPN) is a molecule that plays an important role in diverse fibro-inflammatory diseases.

Aseptic meningitis associated with cephalosporins in an infant with trisomy 21.

The authors report a case of aseptic meningitis associated with cephalosporins in an infant. A 1-year-old boy with trisomy 21 received several antimicrobials including cefotaxime and ceftriaxone for bacterial meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae b. High fever continued for more than a month, and discontinuation of cefotaxime broke the fever and improved the findings of cerebrospinal fluid.

Bilateral brachial plexus palsies due to malpositioning after burn injury.

We reported a case of a 62-year-old man who sustained bilateral brachial plexus palsies resulting from malpositioning while being restrained due to agitation after burn injury. According to the clinical and EMG findings, we selected conservative treatment with rehabilitative intervention. Approximately 1 year after the injury, the patient became able to eat meals, dress himself, and use the toilet independently.

Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based SNP markers for shelf-life in melon (Cucumis melo L.).

In this study, LAMP markers linked to shelf-life in melon (Cucumis melo L.) were developed by converting a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) marker (C2). The CAPS-PCR fragments from the long-shelf-life melon (O-3) and short-shelf-life melon (Nat-2) were cloned and sequenced to construct LAMP primers.

Intraventricular ascorbic acid administration decreases hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in newborn rats.

Neuronal cell damage following hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury is partly caused by production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ascorbic acid (AA) is a potent antioxidant, which scavenges various types of ROS. Some studies have shown that it is neuroprotective, however, the issue is still controversial.

Ketamine-induced apoptosis in cultured rat cortical neurons.

Recent data suggest that anesthetic drugs cause neurodegeneration during development. Ketamine is frequently used in infants and toddlers for elective surgeries. The purpose of this study is to determine whether glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is involved in ketamine-induced apoptosis.

Both regulatory T cells and antitumor effector T cells are primed in the same draining lymph nodes during tumor progression.

The peripheral tolerance mechanism prevents effective antitumor immunity, even though tumor cells possess recognizable tumor-associated Ags. Recently, it has been elucidated that regulatory T cells (Treg) play a critical role in maintaining not only self-tolerance, but also tolerance of tumor cells. However, because the Treg that maintain self-tolerance arise naturally in the thymus and are thought to be anergic in peripheral, it is still unclear where and when Treg for tumor cells are generated.

In vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of the NF-kappaB inhibitor DHMEQ in the human T-cell leukemia virus type I-infected cell line, HUT-102.

Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is an aggressive neoplasm caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I). The NF-kappaB pathway is activated in ATL cells and in virus-infected cells, and plays a central role in oncogenesis. We examined the effect of the novel NF-kappaB inhibitor, dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), on a well-characterized HTLV-I-infected cell line, HUT-102, in vitro and in vivo.

Development of a new mouth opening force test using an indirect cervical traction device.

Background And Aims: There have been few reports of objective jaw opening tests, and such studies have involved devices specifically designed for research. In the present study, in order to conveniently and objectively assess mouth opening movements, we replaced the manual resistance used in Daniels and Worthingham's muscle test (DMT) with an indirect cervical traction device. We examined whether the maximum mouth opening force (MOF) could be reliably quantified using this device.