Molecular adaptation to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer.

Therapy-induced molecular adaptation of triple-negative breast cancer is crucial for immunotherapy response and resistance. We analyze tumor biopsies from three different time points in the randomized neoadjuvant GeparNuevo trial (NCT02685059), evaluating the combination of durvalumab with chemotherapy, for longitudinal alterations of gene expression. Durvalumab induces an activation of immune and stromal gene expression as well as a reduction of proliferation-related gene expression.

NGS-Guided Precision Oncology in Breast Cancer and Gynecological Tumors-A Retrospective Molecular Tumor Board Analysis.

Precision oncology treatments are being applied more commonly in breast and gynecological oncology through the implementation of Molecular Tumor Boards (MTBs), but real-world clinical outcome data remain limited. A retrospective analysis was conducted in patients with breast cancer (BC) and gynecological malignancies referred to our center's MTB from 2018 to 2023. The analysis covered patient characteristics, next-generation sequencing (NGS) results, MTB recommendations, therapy received, and clinical outcomes.

Mesenteric fibrosis in patients with small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors is associated with enrichment of alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive fibrosis and COMP-expressing stromal cells.

Neuroendocrine tumors of the small intestine (SI-NETs) often develop lymph node metastasis (LNM)-induced mesenteric fibrosis (MF). MF can cause intestinal obstruction as well as ischemia and render surgical resection technically challenging. The underlying pathomechanisms of MF are still not well understood.

Homologous Recombination Deficiency as an Ovarian Cancer Biomarker in a Real-World Cohort: Validation of Decentralized Genomic Profiling.

The diagnostic evaluation of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is central to define targeted therapy strategies for patients with ovarian carcinoma. We evaluated HRD in 514 ovarian carcinoma samples by next-generation sequencing of DNA libraries, including BRCA1/BRCA2 and 26,523 single-nucleotide polymorphisms using the standardized Myriad HRD assay, with the predefined cut point of ≥42 for a positive genomic instability score (GIS). All samples were measured in the central Myriad laboratory and in an academic molecular pathology laboratory.

Combined Focused Next-Generation Sequencing Assays to Guide Precision Oncology in Solid Tumors: A Retrospective Analysis from an Institutional Molecular Tumor Board.

Background: Increasing knowledge of cancer biology and an expanding spectrum of molecularly targeted therapies provide the basis for precision oncology. Despite extensive gene diagnostics, previous reports indicate that less than 10% of patients benefit from this concept.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all patients referred to our center's Molecular Tumor Board (MTB) from 2018 to 2021.

VOC pattern recognition of lung cancer: a comparative evaluation of different dog- and eNose-based strategies using different sampling materials.

It has been reported that canine scent tests offer the possibility to screen for cancer. Assuming that breath samples can be collected with carrier materials, we tested the practicability of different carrier materials to be presented to dogs and validated and compared results with an electronic nose (eNose). Moreover, we hypothesized that cancer detection ability of dogs differs according to their working experience.

Non-invasive Detection of Bladder Tumors Through Volatile Organic Compounds: A Pilot Study with an Electronic Nose.

Background/aim: Cystoscopy, the standard diagnostic for bladder tumors, is uncomfortable, invasive, and expensive. The available urine-based marker systems all lack accuracy. Measuring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from urine is a promising alternative.

Measuring Compounds in Exhaled Air to Detect Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is diagnosed based upon medical history, neuropsychiatric examination, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, extensive laboratory analyses and cerebral imaging. Diagnosis is time consuming and labour intensive. Parkinson's disease (PD) is mainly diagnosed on clinical grounds.

Detection of bloodstream infections and prediction of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm neonates with an electronic nose.

We show that smellprints of volatile organic components measured with an electronic nose (Cyranose 320; Smiths Detection Group Ltd, Watford, United Kingdom) differ between tracheal aspirates from preterm neonates with or without laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infections and with or without subsequent development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Tracheal aspirate smellprints could be useful noninvasive diagnostic markers for preterm neonates.

Detection of obstructive sleep apnoea by an electronic nose.

Diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is technically demanding, cost-intensive and time-consuming. The measurement of volatile organic compounds by an electronic nose is an innovative method that determines distinct molecular patterns of exhaled breath in different patient groups. We addressed the following questions: What is the diagnostic accuracy of an electronic nose in the detection of OSAS and the ability to detect effects of standard therapy in patients with OSAS? Are these results related to changes in distinct markers of airway inflammation and extracellular remodelling? We included 40 OSAS patients and 20 healthy controls.

Comparison of two devices and two breathing patterns for exhaled breath condensate sampling.

Introduction: Analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a noninvasive method to access the epithelial lining fluid of the lungs. Due to standardization problems the method has not entered clinical practice. The aim of the study was to assess the comparability for two commercially available devices in healthy controls.

Discrimination between COPD patients with and without alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency using an electronic nose.

Background And Objective: To compare the volatile organic compound patterns of patients with COPD with and without alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency using electronic nose technology.

Methods: Exhaled breath condensate and pure exhaled breath of patients with COPD with (n=10) and without (n=23) AAT deficiency and healthy controls (n=10) were analysed. The effect of human recombinant AAT on the volatile organic compound profile of 11 AAT-deficient patients was also examined.

Detection of microorganisms in exhaled breath condensate during acute exacerbations of COPD.

Background And Objective: One hallmark of COPD is colonization and infection of the lung. Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) are acute deteriorations of the chronic disease and are associated with a change of the pulmonary microbial balance. The collection of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) can be used to non-invasively determine markers of lung disease.