Publications by authors named "Akira Endo"

The 2024 revised edition of the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock (J-SSCG 2024) is published by the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine. This is the fourth revision since the first edition was published in 2012. The purpose of the guidelines is to assist healthcare providers in making appropriate decisions in the treatment of sepsis and septic shock, leading to improved patient outcomes.

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Background: Influenza A outbreak risk is impacted by the potential for importation and local transmission. Reconstructing transmission history with phylogenetic analysis of genetic sequences can help assess outbreak risk but relies on regular collection of genetic sequences. Few influenza genetic sequences are collected in Japan, which makes phylogenetic analysis challenging, especially in rural, remote settings.

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Introduction: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains an important health care issue. Considering the importance of such a time course after cardiac arrest, detailed evaluation of the prehospital time (i.e.

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Past and current estimates of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) from the cohort analyses of atomic bomb survivors suggested not only that RBE may be much higher than those assessed by the United Nations Scientific Committee on Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) and International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), but also that RBE may differ by organ and organ depth. This is at least partly due to how the ratio of neutron to gamma-ray dose changes with organ depth because of the more rapid attenuation of neutrons in tissue. Additionally, the RBE estimates from Life Span Study (LSS) data depend on the total dose and the neutron/gamma ratio.

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Introduction: Nipah virus is a high-consequence pathogen that causes sporadic outbreaks with high mortality, and there are currently no vaccines or therapeutics available for Nipah. Vaccine development against Nipah faces challenges due to its current epidemiology with limited outbreak sizes, which impedes the feasibility of conducting vaccine efficacy trials focused on disease endpoints.

Areas Covered: We review the progress of Nipah vaccine candidates in human clinical trials and highlight the challenges in evaluating the vaccine efficacy due to the sporadic nature of Nipah outbreaks, given the epidemic potential of Nipah virus and its implications for pandemic preparedness.

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The 2024 revised edition of the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock (J-SSCG 2024) is published by the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine. This is the fourth revision since the first edition was published in 2012. The purpose of the guidelines is to assist healthcare providers in making appropriate decisions in the treatment of sepsis and septic shock, leading to improved patient outcomes.

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While both physician-staffed ground ambulances (GA) and air ambulances (AA) can function as viable transportation options in severe trauma cases, no study has directly compared their efficacies. We aimed to compare the effects of physician-staffed GA and AA on the outcomes of patients with trauma. This retrospective cohort study used records from the Japan Trauma Data Bank collected between April 2004 and December 2021.

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The novel mpox clade Ib initially identified in the Domestic Republic of Congo has spread to its multiple neighbouring countries as well as countries beyond the African continent. We characterised the global risk of importation of mpox clade Ib, highlighting the need to ramp up surveillance capacity for early detection.

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  • Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) offers temporary support for patients with severe trauma, and this study examines the outcomes of patients treated with veno-arterial ECMO (V-A ECMO) in Japan between 2019 and 2021.
  • Out of 72,439 severe trauma patients, only 51 received V-A ECMO, with a discharge survival rate of 31.3%.
  • The findings suggest that V-A ECMO may be beneficial in severe trauma cases, particularly where traditional interventions aren't effective, but further research is needed to clarify its indications.
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  • - The study aimed to evaluate a new technique for treating dialysis access stenosis where blockages occur on both the anastomotic and central venous sides, using a single sheath for bidirectional percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA).
  • - Involving 20 patients with 26 cases, the procedures were performed in an outpatient setting, utilizing a vertical puncture approach. Sheath inversion was successfully completed in all cases, which simplified the process by eliminating the need for additional sheath placements.
  • - Results showed successful PTA in all cases without major complications, with data collected on vessel diameter, sheath inversion success, and primary patency rates up to one year, indicating the effectiveness and safety of this technique.
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In a paper recently published in , Fukumoto et al. tried to assess the government-led school closure policy during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. They compared the reported incidence rates between municipalities that had and had not implemented school closure in selected periods from March-May 2020, where they matched for various potential confounders, and claimed that there was no causal effect on the incidence rates of COVID-19.

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  • The initial phase of the 2022 mpox outbreak saw a rapid increase in countries reporting imported cases, but the rate of new cases slowed significantly by the end of the year.
  • Researchers developed a mathematical model that used sexual networks and global travel data to analyze patterns of mpox importation and potential future spread.
  • The study found that the decrease in importation risk may be linked to increased immunity in high-risk groups, but some countries still pose a risk for future global outbreaks, emphasizing the need for equitable access to resources to prevent resurgence.
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Many superconducting on-chip filter-banks suffer from poor coupling to the detectors behind each filter. This is a problem intrinsic to the commonly used half-wavelength filter, which has a maximum theoretical coupling of 50 %. In this paper, we introduce a phase-coherent filter, called a directional filter, which has a theoretical coupling of 100 %.

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This study examines the relationship between ambient dose H*, ambient dose equivalent H*(10), and effective dose E for external neutron irradiation over 163 operational spectra from different workplaces. The results show that H* provides a reasonable estimate with a controlled margin, even if overestimated, to assess E compared with H*(10), which can lead to a significant overestimation or underestimation of E depending on the neutron spectra. The results highlight the limitations of H*(10) and the superiority of H* in estimating E according to the requirements of the operational quantities, especially in environments with high-energy neutrons.

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Background: Anorectal injury caused by personal watercraft (PWC)-related trauma is rare. However, PWC accidents have increased recently, and since patients tend to be younger, treatment strategies should consider anal function preservation in addition to saving lives.

Case Presentation: A 30-year-old female patient who fell into the water when a PWC suddenly accelerated and injured her perineum with a forceful water jet was transported to our hospital.

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Background And Objective: A prospective, postmarketing observational study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of lemborexant (LEM) tablets in daily clinical practice in Japan. No other studies of a similar size have been conducted since the marketing approval of LEM, making this the first report of its kind.

Methods: Insomnia patients (n = 550) administered LEM (5-10 mg daily) for the first time were enrolled.

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  • Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is used to manage severe bleeding, particularly in non-trauma centers lacking trauma surgeons, but its effectiveness is still debated.
  • A study in Japan analyzed data from 2004 to 2021 on 2,557 patients who underwent REBOA, focusing on factors like mortality rates and injury severity.
  • Results indicated a significant decrease in hospital mortality from 91.3% to 50.9%, especially for patients without severe head/spine injuries, with the best outcomes for those with a systolic blood pressure of 80 mmHg or above.
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Chinese yam production is thriving in Aomori Prefecture, a cold and snowy region in Japan. Recently, there has been an increasing risk of nitrogen leaching in Chinese-yam fields, which consist of sandy soil, due to localized torrential rain. The relationships between the type of fertilizer used for Chinese-yam cultivation, the amount of nitrogen (N) leaching, and the timing of leaching remain unknown.

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A 59-year-old man with pancytopenia underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for suspected carcinomatosis. The scan revealed diffuse bone marrow uptake, prompting further investigation. Bone marrow analysis revealed no malignant cells; however, erythroblasts with cytoplasmic vacuolization were observed.

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Mathematical models for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are parameterised by empirical data on sexual behaviour (e.g. the number of partners over a given period) obtained from surveys.

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  • Inhaled corticosteroids like ciclesonide were examined for their effectiveness in treating non-critically ill hospitalized patients with COVID-19, as their role remains unclear.
  • A study of 3,638 patients across 64 Japanese hospitals analyzed mortality rates between those using ciclesonide and a control group.
  • The findings indicated no significant difference in 28-day or in-hospital mortality rates between the two groups, suggesting that inhaled ciclesonide does not provide a mortality benefit in this patient population, warranting further research.
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Background: The organ dysfunction that is associated with death in COVID-19 patients has not been determined in multicenter epidemiologic studies. In this study, we evaluated the major association with death, concomitant organ dysfunction, and proportion of multiple organ failure in deaths in patients with COVID-19, along with information on organ support.

Methods: We performed an observational cohort study using the Japanese multicenter research of COVID-19 by assembling a real-world data (J-RECOVER) study database.

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The enhancement of insulin secretion and of the proliferation of pancreatic β cells are promising therapeutic options for diabetes. Signals from the vagal nerve regulate both processes, yet the effectiveness of stimulating the nerve is unclear, owing to a lack of techniques for doing it so selectively and prolongedly. Here we report two optogenetic methods for vagal-nerve stimulation that led to enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and to β cell proliferation in mice expressing choline acetyltransferase-channelrhodopsin 2.

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Synopsis of recent research by authors named "Akira Endo"

  • - Akira Endo's research primarily focuses on advanced medical techniques and their applications for critical conditions, including trauma management through extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA).
  • - Recent studies highlight the importation risks of mpox and the dynamics of these risks in relation to sexual contact networks among men who have sex with men, showcasing the importance of mathematical modeling for understanding infectious disease spread.
  • - Endo's research further extends into the evaluation of treatment efficacy in various medical contexts, such as a retrospective analysis of innovative techniques in hemodialysis access and the safety and effectiveness of insomnia medications, reflecting a diverse application of clinical research methodologies.

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