Cytotoxic CD8 T cells may be drivers of tissue destruction in Sjögren's syndrome.

Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder whose pathogenesis is poorly understood and that lacks effective therapies. Detailed quantitative and spatial analyses of tissues affected by Sjögren's syndrome were undertaken, including the quantitation of the frequency of selected cell-cell interactions in the disease milieu. Quantitative analyses of CD4 T cell subsets and of CD8 T cells in the labial salivary glands from untreated patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome revealed that activated CD8 cytotoxic T cells (CD8CTLs) were the most prominent T cells in these infiltrates.

CD163+ M2 Macrophages Promote Fibrosis in IgG4-Related Disease Via Toll-like Receptor 7/Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase 4/NF-κB Signaling.

Objective: IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a fibro-inflammatory condition that can affect multiple organs. We previously demonstrated that TLR7-transgenic C57BL/6 mice showed elevated serum IgG1 levels and inflammation with fibrosis in the salivary glands (SGs), lungs, and pancreas. Moreover, we observed extensive Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR-7)-positive CD163+ M2 macrophage infiltration in SGs from IgG4-RD patients.

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Contributes to Differentiation of Monocyte-Derived Tumor-Associated Macrophages via PAI-1 and IL-8 Production.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote cancer cell proliferation and metastasis, as well as anti-tumor immune suppression. Recent studies have shown that tumors enhance the recruitment and differentiation of TAMs, but the detailed mechanisms have not been clarified. We thus examined the influence of cancer cells on the differentiation of monocytes to TAM subsets, including CD163, CD204, and CD206 cells, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and a cytokine array.

CD206 tumor-associated macrophages promote proliferation and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma via EGF production.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote tumor progression and inhibit anti-tumor immune response by producing various mediators and preferentially express CD163, CD204, and CD206. However, the role of these TAM subsets in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. Here we investigated the expression and function of TAM subsets in OSCC, especially in cancer cell proliferation.

Activated M2 Macrophages Contribute to the Pathogenesis of IgG4-Related Disease via Toll-like Receptor 7/Interleukin-33 Signaling.

Objective: IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a unique inflammatory disorder in which Th2 cytokines promote IgG4 production. In addition, recent studies have implicated the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway. This study was undertaken to examine the expression of TLRs in salivary glands (SGs) from patients with IgG4-RD.

The diagnostic utility of submandibular gland sonography and labial salivary gland biopsy in IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis: Its potential application to the diagnostic criteria.

In this study, we investigated the diagnostic utility of submandibular gland (SMG) sonography and labial salivary gland (LSG) biopsy as a less invasive procedure for diagnosing IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis (IgG4-DS) Sixty-eight patients with suspected IgG4-DS by presenting swelling of elevated serum IgG (>1747 mg/dl) and/or swelling glands underwent SMG sonography, LSG biopsy and measurement for serum IgG4. SMG sonographic diagnosis was determined by the following characteristic changes; 'hypoechoic areas of a nodal pattern with high vascularity' and/or 'hypoechoic areas of a reticular pattern in the superficial part'. Thirty-one patients were diagnosed with IgG4-DS, 5 with IgG4-RD unaccompanied by lacrimal and salivary gland lesions, 28 with Sjögren's syndrome, and 4 with malignant lymphoma.