Publish and perish: New issues in publication ethics.

The expression "Publish or perish," first appeared in 1942. It signified the rising importance of publication as a means to obtain research funds and establish a secure academic career. The expression is still highly relevant, but increasingly problematic.

Disclosure of Spousal Death to Patients with Dementia: Attitude and Actual Behavior of Care Managers.

As the number of dementia patients increases, there is a need to protect patients' right to know. However, in reality, there are cases in Japan where spouses' deaths are concealed from patients. We conducted a questionnaire survey of care managers (CMs) to obtain their attitude and actual behavior regarding the disclosure of a spouse's death to patients with dementia.

Attitudes of the Public Toward Consent for Biobank Research in Japan.

Parallel to the rapid advancement of biological and information technologies, the role and forms of biobank research have been constantly changing. The ethical, legal, and social implications of consent in biobank research are in a state of flux. This study aimed to clarify current Japanese public preferences regarding the consent model and explore how public attitudes are determined.

Factors of influenza vaccine inoculation and non-inoculation behavior of community-dwelling residents in Japan: Suggestions for vaccine policy and public health ethics after COVID-19.

The aim of this study is to provide basic information that contributes to vaccine inoculation policy after COVID-19. We used the secondary data of the influenza vaccine inoculation behavior survey for community-dwelling adults conducted in 2011, before the COVID-19 pandemic, but after the 2009 novel influenza A (H1N1) pdm 09 pandemic. All factors such as socio-demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, family environment, physical and social environment, and area of residence were adjusted, and factors related to vaccine inoculation behavior were analyzed.

What is the contemporary role of second-generation philosophical bioethicists?

Bioethics originated in the 1970s and has now been around for half a century. During that half-century, brilliant achievements have been made, especially in the West. Basic bioethics theories have been developed that have proved useful in solving many bioethical issues including policies.

Ethics of Treatment Decisions for Extremely Premature Newborns with Poor Prognoses: Comparison of Shared Decision Making in Norway and Japan.

Ethical debates about the life-prolonging treatment of extremely premature infants and infants with congenital abnormalities with poor prognoses have long been held. We will examine approaches in Norway and Japan as examples because Norway is a well-known welfare state. By comparing the traditional Norwegian approach, the newly proposed approach of postponed withholding (PPWH) and the Japanese approach, we will revisit shared decision making in neonatology in general, where patients (i.

Facts and Recommendations regarding When Medical Institutions Report Potential Abuse to Child Guidance Centers: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Medical institutions are required to report suspected cases of child abuse to administrative agencies, such as child guidance centers in Japan. It is left to the discretion of the medical institutions whether to notify the family of the child or the center. However, it is unclear what kinds of measures are being taken to ensure a robust policy of notification versus non-notification and how notifying the family will affect the child.

The creation of the Belmont Report and its effect on ethical principles: a historical study.

The Belmont Report continues to be held in high regard, and most bioethical analyses conducted in recent years have presumed that it affects United States federal regulations. However, the assessments of the report's creators are sharply divided. Understanding the historic reputation of this monumental report is thus crucial.

The Ethical Acceptability of a Recipient's Choice of Donor in Directed and Nondirected Transplantation: Japanese Perspective.

In organ transplantation, there is a lack of ethical discussion about the recipient's right not to receive a transplant. Using the current situation of living organ transplantation and deceased organ transplantation in Japan as an example, we prospectively discussed to what extent the recipient's right not to receive a transplant is ethically acceptable. In directed transplantation from a living donor, a recipient may refuse organ donation from a particular donor.

What Does It Mean to Truly Empathize with a Patient? An Analysis of Japanese Cases Employing the Narrative Approach Perspective.

What does it mean to truly empathize with a patient? The authors (a psychiatrist and a philosopher) explore this topic from the unique perspectives gained from decades of experience. We discuss how some approaches that may be criticized are necessary if we are to empathize with a patient. We also touch on the current situation surrounding personnel involved in the restoration of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (the so-called Fukushima 50) after the nuclear meltdown caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011.

Wearable Technology for Monitoring Respiratory Rate and SpO of COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review.

With the significant numbers of sudden home deaths reported worldwide due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), wearable technology has emerged as a method for surveilling this infection. This review explored the indicators of COVID-19 surveillance, such as vitals, respiratory condition, temperature, oxygen saturation (SpO), and activity levels using wearable devices. Studies published between 31 December 2019, and 8 July 2022, were obtained from PubMed, and grey literature, reference lists, and key journals were also searched.

Is It Worth Knowing That You Might Die Tomorrow? Revisiting the Ethics of Prognosis Disclosure.

Ethical discourse on prognosis disclosure is not yet well established. The core of the problem continues to be the dilemma between the right of self-determination and non-maleficence of patients. The prognosis disclosure policy based on Kantian autonomy provides a good solution for the problem.

Decision-Making Capacity to Refuse Treatment at the End of Life: The Need for Recognizing Real-World Practices.

End-of-life decision making is a troublesome ethical dilemma. These decisions should be made in trustful patient-doctor relationships. We aimed to propose a balanced approach when discussing this complex issue.

Autonomy in Japan: What does it Look Like?

This paper analysed the nature of autonomy, in particular respect for autonomy in medical ethics/bioethics in Japan. We have undertaken a literature survey in Japanese and English and begin with the historical background and explanation of the Japanese word . We go on to identify patterns of meaning that researchers use in medical ethics / bioethics discussions in Japan, namely, Beauchamp and Childress's individual autonomy, relational autonomy, and O'Neill's principled autonomy as the three major ways that autonomy is understood.

Narratives on the Current Medical Situation in Japan According to Highly Specialized Foreign Professionals.

In order to understand the difficulties faced by highly skilled foreign professionals when dealing with the Japanese healthcare system and to identify the support they require therein, university health center staff members of the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University conducted semi-structured interviews with faculty, staff, and students from the Institute. Data from the interviews were analyzed by subject matter analysis using a narrative-oriented approach. In total, 13 participants were interviewed, and five themes and 15 subthemes were generated from the 40 codes extracted.

An Exploratory Study on Information Manipulation by Doctors: Awareness, Actual State, and Ethical Tolerance.

(1) Background: To what extent is information manipulation by doctors acceptable? To answer this question, we conducted an exploratory study aimed at obtaining basic data on descriptive ethics for considering this issue. (2) Methods: A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on a large sample ( = 3305) of doctors. The participants were queried on (1) whether they consider that information manipulation is necessary (awareness), (2) whether they have actually manipulated information (actual state), and (3) their ethical tolerance.

Psychosocial and Ethical Behaviors and Attitudes of Health Care Professionals in the Clinical Setting of Living Kidney Donors: A Qualitative Study.

Background: There are several psychosocial and ethical issues surrounding the decision making of living kidney transplant donors. This study aimed to determine what health care professionals (HPs) consider in their clinical practice and their attitudes toward donors' decision-making processes.

Methods: Face-to-face semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 HPs.

An American's Experience with End-of-Life Care in Japan: Comparing Brain Death, Limiting and Withdrawing Life-Prolonging Interventions, and Healthcare Ethics Consultation Practices in Japan and the United States.

American and Japanese laws, customs, and practices in end-of-life decision-making differ significantly. We present a case with which one of the authors was involved to illustrate some of the key legal and cultural differences in the declaration of brain death, limiting and withdrawing life-prolonging interventions, and healthcare ethics consultation practices. The analysis presented facilitates understanding of similarities and differences between Japanese and American healthcare ethics specifically in regards to end-of-life care.

A Cross-Sectional Study of Attitudes toward Willingness to Use Enhancement Technologies: Implications for Technology Regulation and Ethics.

Neuroenhancement is rapidly re-emerging as a research topic because of the development of minimally invasive brain intervention technologies, including neurofeedback. However, public attitude toward enhancement technologies remains relatively unexplored. To fill this gap in the literature, we conducted an online survey of 1258 people in Japan who were presented with four scenarios depicting minimally and highly invasive enhancement interventions.

Solitary death and new lifestyles during and after COVID-19: wearable devices and public health ethics.

Background: Solitary death (kodokushi) has recently become recognized as a social issue in Japan. The social isolation of older people leads to death without dignity. With the outbreak of COVID-19, efforts to eliminate solitary death need to be adjusted in line with changes in lifestyle and accompanying changes in social structure.