Anomalous water flow through micro-orifices presumably caused by generation of inorganic and organic substances.

Water flows through microscopic orifices have attracted much research interest recently because of their many potential industrial, biological, and medical applications, as well as their importance in the physics of fluids. In this study, by using circular nickel micro-orifices with diameters of 5-100 µm and applying pressures from 0.5 Pa to 0.

Effective degradation of various bacterial toxins using ozone ultrafine bubble water.

Infectious and foodborne diseases pose significant global threats, with devastating consequences in low- and middle-income countries. Ozone, derived from atmospheric oxygen, exerts antimicrobial effects against various microorganisms, and degrades fungal toxins, which were initially recognized in the healthcare and food industries. However, highly concentrated ozone gas can be detrimental to human health.

Ozone ultrafine bubble water exhibits bactericidal activity against pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity and upper airway and disinfects contaminated healthcare equipment.

Ozone is strong oxidizing agent that is applied in aqueous form for sanitation. However, ozonated water is unstable and has a short half-life. Ultrafine bubble technology is promising to overcome these issues.

Continuous organic synthesis in water around micro-orifices after flows.

Water flows through micro-orifices are important because they occur in various fields, such as biology, medical science, chemistry, and engineering. We have reported in previous work that organic matter was generated in micro-orifices after water flowed through the orifice, and we proposed that the organic matter was synthesized from nonorganic materials, including CO and N dissolved in water from air, and water via the action of hydroxyl radicals produced by the flow through the micro-orifice. In the present study, we examined whether organic materials are produced in the water outside of the orifices in addition to that in the orifice.

Organic compounds generated after the flow of water through micro-orifices: Were they synthesized?

Micro-fluid mechanics is an important area of research in modern fluid mechanics because of its many potential industrial and biological applications. However, the field is not fully understood yet. In previous work, when passing ultrapure water (UPW) in which air was dissolved (UPW*) through micro-orifices, we found that the flow velocity decreased and stopped over time, and membranes were frequently formed in the orifice when the flow stopped.