Possibility of Multiple Drug-Drug Interactions in Patients Treated with Statins: Analysis of Data from the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) Database and Verification by Animal Experiments.

Adverse drug events due to drug-drug interactions can be prevented by avoiding concomitant use of causative drugs; therefore, it is important to understand drug combinations that cause drug-drug interactions. Although many attempts to identify drug-drug interactions from real-world databases such as spontaneous reporting systems have been performed, little is known about drug-drug interactions caused by three or more drugs in polypharmacy, i.e.

Adverse Drug Events Caused by Drugs Contraindicated for Coadministration Reported in the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database and Recognized by Reporters.

The "INTERACTIONS" section of package inserts aims to provide alert-type warnings in clinical practice; however, these also include many drug-drug interactions that occur rarely. Moreover, considering that drug-drug interaction alert systems were created based on package inserts, repeated alerts can lead to alert fatigue. Although investigations have been conducted to determine prescriptions that induce drug-drug interactions, no studies have focused explicitly on the adverse events induced by drug-drug interactions.

Clofibric acid increases molecular species of phosphatidylethanolamine containing arachidonic acid for biogenesis of peroxisomal membranes in peroxisome proliferation in the liver.

The biogenesis of peroxisomes in relation to the trafficking of proteins to peroxisomes has been extensively examined. However, the supply of phospholipids, which is needed to generate peroxisomal membranes in mammals, remains unclear. Therefore, we herein investigated metabolic alterations induced by clofibric acid, a peroxisome proliferator, in the synthesis of phospholipids, particularly phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) molecular species, and their relationship with the biogenesis of peroxisomal membranes.

Categorisation of Pharmaceutical Adverse Events Using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database: Characteristic Adverse Drug Events of the Elderly Treated with Polypharmacy.

Background: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs in elderly individuals differ from those in younger adults; thus, adverse drug events (ADEs) are common in older patients with polypharmacy because co-existing comorbidities elevate the risk of ADEs occurring. However, ADEs have not yet been characterised based on the elderly patients of Japanese origin and polypharmacy.

Objective: The 100 most commonly reported ADEs were grouped into four classes (Class 1-Class 4) based on elderly patients with polypharmacy.

Antidiabetic Drugs for the Risk of Alzheimer Disease in Patients With Type 2 DM Using FAERS.

Alzheimer disease (AD) may develop after the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the risk of AD may depend on the antidiabetic drug administered. We compared the risk of AD among 66 085 patients (≥ 65 years) with T2DM (1250 having concomitant AD) who had been administered antidiabetic drug monotherapy for T2DM who had voluntarily reported themselves in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System. The risk of AD from the use of different antidiabetic drug monotherapies compared to that of metformin monotherapy was assessed by logistic regression.

Discrepancies between patients' and pharmacists' perceptions of the role of community pharmacists as advisors on the use of pharmaceuticals in Japan: A comparison prior to and following revision of the Pharmacists' Act.

Objectives: In 2014, immediately prior to the revision of Article 25-2 of the Pharmacists' Act, we conducted a survey on pharmacists' and patients' perceptions of pharmacists' roles. A role discrepancy between the two was identified. The objective was to examine changes in role perceptions and awareness of pharmacists as medication specialists following revision to the Pharmacists' Act.

Changes in brain metabolites related to stress resilience: Metabolomic analysis of the hippocampus in a rat model of depression.

The ability to cope successfully with stress is known as 'resilience', and those with resilience are not prone to developing depression. One preclinical animal model for depression is the chronic mild stress (CMS) model. There are CMS-resilient (do not manifest anhedonia) and CMS-susceptible (manifest anhedonia) rats.

Comparison of the Benefit Feeling Rate Based on the Sho of OTC Kakkonto, Cold Remedy and Cold Remedy with Kakkonto Combination Product.

Kakkonto (KK), a traditional Japanese Kampo formulation for cold and flu, is generally sold as an OTC pharmaceuticals used for self-medication. Kampo formulations should be used according to the Sho-symptoms of Kampo medicine. These symptoms refer to the subjective symptoms themselves.

Study on the Increased Probability of Detecting Adverse Drug Reactions Based on Bayes' Theorem: Evaluation of the Usefulness of Information on the Onset Timing of Adverse Drug Reactions.

In order to avoid adverse drug reactions (ADRs), pharmacists are reconstructing ADR-related information based on various types of data gathered from patients, and then providing this information to patients. Among the data provided to patients is the time-to-onset of ADRs after starting the medication (i.e.

[Deprescribing Using the Guidelines for Medical Treatment and Its Safety in the Elderly and Changes in Patient QOL and Activities of Daily Living].

Pharmacists applied deprescribing, which is a process for the rational use of drugs, for 13 at-home patients. The standard used for the rational use of drugs was the "Guidelines for Medical Treatment and Its Safety in the Elderly" (the Guidelines). The results of the deprescribing were discussed with physicians to determine prescriptions.

High-Resolution Magic-Angle Spinning-H-NMR Spectroscopy-Based Metabolic Profiling of Hippocampal Tissue in Rats with Depression-Like Symptoms.

Depressive disorders cause large socioeconomic effects influencing not only the patients themselves but also their family and broader community as well. To better understand the physiologic factors underlying depression, in this study, we performed metabolomics analysis, an omics technique that comprehensively analyzes small molecule metabolites in biological samples. Specifically, we utilized high-resolution magic-angle spinning-H-NMR (HRMAS-H-NMR) spectroscopy to comprehensively analyze the changes in metabolites in the hippocampal tissue of rats exposed to chronic stress (CS) via multi-step principal component analysis (multi-step PCA).

A survey of subcutaneous blood flow in patients with SMID and subcutaneous ceftazidime administration using mentholated warm compresses in healthy subjects.

Objectives: To investigate subcutaneous blood flow rate (SBFR) in healthy volunteers and patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID), and evaluate the effect of mentholated warm compresses (MWCs) on SBFR and subcutaneous ceftazidime absorption in healthy volunteers.

Methods: SBFR at the forearm, chest and abdomen were evaluated in Japanese healthy volunteers and in adults with SMID. The effects of MWCs on blood flow rate and ceftazidime pharmacokinetics were evaluated in healthy volunteers.

Identification of the Discrepancies between Pharmacist and Patient Perception of the Pharmacist's Role as an Advisor on Drug Therapy Based on Social Science Theory.

Article 25-2 of the Japanese Pharmacists' Act was revised in June 2014, establishing the position of pharmacists as "advisors on the use of pharmaceuticals." Prior to the Act's revision, we investigated the perceptions of patients and pharmacists about pharmacists' roles using a social science methodology. We also examined current opinions and necessary factors for the future growth and development of pharmacists.

Absorption Kinetics of Subcutaneously Administered Ceftazidime in Hypoperfused Guinea Pigs.

Background: Pneumonia is the most common cause of death in patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID), and intravenous ceftazidime (CAZ) is a widely used treatment for such infections. However, intravenous administration in patients with SMID may be difficult because of insufficient vascular development.

Objectives: The aim of our study was to determine the feasibility of subcutaneous drug administration by mentholated warm compresses (WMCs) as an alternative delivery method for ceftazidime in patients with SMID.

The inhibitory effect of kakkonto, Japanese traditional (kampo) medicine, on brain penetration of oseltamivir carboxylate in mice with reduced blood-brain barrier function.

Oseltamivir phosphate (OP) is used to treat influenza virus infections. However, its use may result in central nervous system (CNS) adverse effects. In Japan, OP is used with Kampo formulations to improve clinical effectiveness.