Robot-assisted thoracoscopic resection of a posterior mediastinal tumor with immunoglobulin G4-related disease: a case report.

Background: Immunoglobulin (Ig)G4-related disease affects nearly every organ, and its clinical course varies depending on the involved organ; however, its occurrence in the mediastinum is rarely reported.

Case Presentation: A 58-year-old woman presented with a posterior mediastinal tumor along the thoracic spine on imaging. Based on her elevated serum IgG4 level of 349.

The functional shift of endothelin receptor subtypes in dogs with heart failure produced by rapid ventricular pacing.

To clarify the functional role of endothelin-A/endothelin- B (ETA/ETB) receptors in congestive heart failure (CHF), we examined the effects of a non-selective endothelin receptor agonist, endothelin-1 (ET-1), and a selective ETB receptor agonist, sarafotoxin S6c. CHF was induced in dogs by rapid ventricular pacing and resulted in decreased left ventricular dp/dtmax, decreased cardiac output and increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Sarafotoxin S6c (0.