Safety Assessment of Alkyl Amide MIPA Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics.

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of 14 alkyl amide MIPA ingredients as used in cosmetics. All of these ingredients are reported to function in cosmetics as a surfactant - foam booster and/or viscosity increasing agent. The Panel considered the available data, as well as data on read-across sources, and concluded these ingredients are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment when formulated to be non-irritating.

Safety Assessment of Hydroxyethyl Urea as Used in Cosmetics.

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of Hydroxyethyl Urea, which is reported to function as a humectant and a hair and skin conditioning agent. The Panel reviewed the available data to determine the safety of this ingredient. The Panel concluded that Hydroxyethyl Urea is safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in the safety assessment when formulated to be non-irritating.

Precise Pediatric Cancer Diagnosis Using Immunohistochemistry: Reducing Cost of Care and Improving Outcomes in a Low and Middle-Income Setting.

Childhood cancer is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is the second-leading cause of non-communicable deaths among children worldwide with more than 90% of childhood cancer-associated mortality occurring in low-income and middle-income countries. Disparity in mortality rates has been linked to late presentation, inaccurate diagnosis, treatment abandonment and poor access to appropriate therapy.

Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate.

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety reviewed newly available studies since their original assessment in 2002, along with updated information regarding product types and concentrations of use, and confirmed that Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate is safe as a cosmetic ingredient in the practices of use and concentration as described in this report.

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Childhood: Evidence of a Malfunctioning Oncology Ecosystem: A Case Series from a Low Resource Setting.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) refers to malignancy arising from the epithelium of the nasopharynx. It is a rare tumor globally but seen in higher prevalence in certain populations associated with the endemicity of Epstein- Barr Virus. It is usually seen in clinical settings in developing countries in late stages majorly due to poor health-seeking behavior, healthcare costs, and misdiagnosis arising from its vague and ambiguous symptoms.

Safety Assessment of Eucalyptus globulus (Eucalyptus)-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics.

This is a safety assessment of 6 (eucalyptus)-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. The reported functions of the (eucalyptus)-derived ingredients include abrasive, fragrance ingredient, and skin-conditioning agent (miscellaneous and occlusive). The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the relevant data on these ingredients.

Safety Assessment of (Coconut)-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics.

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of 11 (coconut)-derived ingredients, most of which are reported to function as skin-conditioning agents in cosmetic products. The Panel reviewed the available data to determine the safety of these ingredients. The Panel concluded that 10 ingredients, derived from coconut flower, fruit, and liquid endosperm, are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment, and that the available data are insufficient to make a determination of safety for Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Shell Powder under the intended conditions of use in cosmetic formulations.

Cholelithiasis in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease: Experience in a resource-limited setting.

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) remains prevalent in Nigeria and can be complicated by cholelithiasis even in children. There is still a dearth of knowledge about the occurrence of cholelithiasis in these children. The present study is aimed to determine the prevalence of cholelithiasis in pediatric SCD in Lagos and documents relevant socio-demographic and clinical correlates.

A 5-year multidisciplinary care outcomes in children with wilms' tumour managed at a tertiary centre: A retrospective observational study.

Background: Over the last two decades, there has been significant improvement in the outcomes of children with Wilms' tumour (WT) in high income countries (HICs) with approximately 85% survival rate globally. This is partly attributable to a multi-disciplinary team approach to care and the evolution of more robust treatment measures. A previous review in our centre prior to multi-disciplinary team shows a survival rate of 31.

Hepatobiliary Findings in Nigerian Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia.

Introduction: Hepatobiliary abnormalities occur commonly in sickle cell anaemia and these have been extensively reported in the adult patients. However, complications have been sparsely reported in children especially in the sub-Saharan African continent. This study aimed to highlight the hepatobiliary complications in this group of children using clinical examination, laboratory testing and abdominal ultrasonography.

Pediatric Oncology in Nigeria: A Panoramic View.

Purpose: A large number of children still die as a result of cancer in low- to middle-income countries, and factors such has poor infrastructure, inadequate human resources, and poorly developed health insurance are responsible for most of these deaths. Nigeria is a country with a young population and a struggling health system. We aimed to survey pediatric oncologists in Nigeria using an online survey instrument.

Human immunodeficiency virus status in malnourished children seen at Lagos.

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus and protein energy malnutrition are still prevalent in Nigeria and the occurrence of the two conditions together confers a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to determine the current categories of malnutrition amongst under-5 children in Lagos, document their HIV status and determine any peculiarities in the clinical features, haematological and some biochemical profile in these children.

Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Paediatric departments of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital and the Massey Street Children's Hospital, both in Lagos, over a 6-month period.

Enuresis in children and adolescents with sickle cell anaemia is more frequent and substantially different from the general population.

Background: No large studies have examined the prevalence of enuresis, its various forms and risk factors in children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) in Sub-Saharan Africa using standardised definitions. We determined age and gender-specific prevalence of enuresis and compared the nature of enuresis in children with and without SCA. We also identified predictors of enuresis in children with SCA.

A survey of genetic fetal-haemoglobin modifiers in Nigerian patients with sickle cell anaemia.

Genetic variants at three quantitative trait loci (QTL) for fetal haemoglobin (HbF), BCL11A, HBS1L-MYB and the β-globin gene cluster, have attracted interest as potential targets of therapeutic strategies for HbF reactivation in sickle cell anaemia (SCA). We carried out the first systematic evaluation of critical single nucleotide polymorphisms at these disease modifier loci in Nigerian patients with SCA. Common variants for BCL11A and HBS1L-MYB were strongly associated with HbF levels.

Prevalence of Skin Diseases in Children with Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome Infection in Paediatric HIV Clinic of A Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria.

Background: HIV infection/AIDS being a multi-systemic disease affects the skin at various stages in course of the illness. A knowledge of the common skin diseases associated with HIV infection can lead to early detection, appropriate staging and commencement of appropriate care in the infected patients.

Objective: The study was to document the prevalence and pattern of skin diseases in children with HIV infection seen at the Paediatric department of a tertiary centre in Nigeria.

Blood transfusion services for patients with sickle cell disease in Nigeria.

Background: Safe, timely red blood cell transfusion saves lives and chronic transfusion therapy (CTT) prevents or limits morbidities such as stroke, therefore improving quality of life of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD).

Methods: This questionnaire-based study assessed the ability of sickle cell centers in Nigeria to provide safe blood to patients with SCD between March and August 2014.

Results: Out of the 73 hospitals contacted, responses were obtained from 31.

Prevalence of Wasting, Stunting, and Underweight Among HIV Infected Underfives', in Lagos Using W.H.O z Score.

Background: HIV affects more than 2.3 million children worldwide and 90% live in Africa. Malnutrition is also a major problem in Africa with 25% of children under the age of five being malnourished.

Current sickle cell disease management practices in Nigeria.

Background: Although Nigeria has the highest burden of sickle cell disease (SCD) worldwide, there is still variable and poor utilisation of standard-of-care practices for SCD patients in the country.

Methods: This was a questionnaire survey of doctors in some dedicated SCD clinics in Nigeria in order to document the facilities available and common management practices.

Results: There were responses from 18 clinics based in 11 institutions.

Kidney function of HIV-infected children in Lagos, Nigeria: using Filler's serum cystatin C-based formula.

Background: Limited data is available on kidney function in HIV-infected children in sub-Saharan Africa. In addition, malnutrition in these children further reduces the utility of diagnostic methods such as creatinine-based estimates of glomerular filtration rate. We determined the serum cystatin C level and estimated glomerular filtration rate of 60 antiretroviral-naïve, HIV-infected children and 60 apparently healthy age and sex matched children.

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected children attending a donor-funded clinic at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.

The success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) depends on a high level of adherence to a life-long regimen of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). Since the scale-up of access to ARVs in Nigeria, few studies have determined the level of adherence of ART among children. This study was undertaken to determine the level of ART adherence among paediatric patients at an outpatient clinic, the reasons for non-adherence, and the factors associated with adherence, according to caregivers' reports.

T-lymphocyte subsets in apparently healthy nigerian children.

Population studies showed that there are differences in T-lymphocytes subpopulation of normal children in different regions, and reference values in an area might be different from another. This study compared the values in our population with CDC and WHO reference values. Blood samples from 279 healthy, HIV-negative children <12 years of age were analysed for complete blood count, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ counts and percentages.

Prevalence of proteinuria among HIV-infected children attending a tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria.

Sub-Saharan Africa is the epicentre of the HIV pandemic but there are few reports of HIV-related kidney diseases in children in this region. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of proteinuria in HIV-infected children at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Proteinuria was determined using urine protein-creatinine ratio.

Anthropometric indices of infants born to HIV-1-infected mothers: a prospective cohort study in Lagos, Nigeria.

Numerous studies have reported that HIV-infected pregnant women are at increased risk of delivery of low birth weight (LBW) infants, of preterm deliveries and of intrauterine growth restriction. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of maternal HIV infection on the anthropometric characteristics of the babies at birth. A prospective study was carried out at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.