Influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalizations and emergency department or urgent care encounters for children, adolescents, and adults during the 2023-2024 season, United States.

Background: The 2023-2024 influenza season had predominant influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus activity, but A(H3N2) and B viruses co-circulated. Seasonal influenza vaccine strains were well-matched to these viruses.

Methods: Using health care encounters data from health systems in 8 states, we evaluated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza-associated medical encounters from October 2023-April 2024.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine effectiveness against RSV-associated hospitalisations and emergency department encounters among adults aged 60 years and older in the USA, October, 2023, to March, 2024: a test-negative design analysis.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus vaccines first recommended for use during 2023 were efficacious against lower respiratory tract disease in clinical trials. Limited real-world data regarding respiratory syncytial virus vaccine effectiveness are available. To inform vaccine policy and address gaps in evidence from the clinical trials, we aimed to assess the effectiveness against respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalisations and emergency department encounters among adults aged at least 60 years.

Pharyngeal Co-Infections with Monkeypox Virus and Group A Streptococcus, United States, 2022.

We report 2 cases of pharyngeal monkeypox virus and group A Streptococcus co-infection in the United States. No rash was observed when pharyngitis symptoms began. One patient required intubation before mpox was diagnosed.

Demographic, clinical, and virologic characteristics of African-born persons with HIV/AIDS in a Minnesota hospital.

Minnesota is currently home to the tenth largest African population and the second largest East African population in the United States. HIV is increasingly being diagnosed in African-born persons in Minnesota. A retrospective survey was conducted on all African-born patients in our HIV clinic between January 1994 and June 2005.

HIV-1 subtype diversity in Minnesota.

Background: Genetic variation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 poses significant public-health and clinical challenges. In North America, subtype B is most prevalent. HIV-1 subtyping is not integrated into routine HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome surveillance in the United States.

Blockade of HERG channels by HIV protease inhibitors.

The HIV protease inhibitor class of antiretroviral drug causes unpredicted adverse effects by changing elements of normal cellular metabolism. A case of QT prolongation in a patient receiving protease inhibitors made us question whether these drugs might be responsible. We identified 24 patients with QT prolongation or torsade de pointes, or both, associated with protease inhibitors, using the Food and Drug Administration's voluntary adverse event reporting system.

K103N mutation in antiretroviral therapy-naive African patients infected with HIV type 1.

Most of the information about genetic sequencing and drug susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is derived from the study of HIV-1 subtype B. Worldwide, most people infected with HIV-1 are infected with non-subtype B viruses and live in developing countries. We report 3 cases of antiretroviral-naive African immigrants infected with HIV-1 strains possessing the K103N mutation in the reverse transcriptase gene, which confers high-level resistance to all nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

In search of susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes in West Africa: the design and results of the first phase of the AADM study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to map type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes in West African ancestral populations of African-Americans, through an international collaboration between West African and US investigators.

Design And Methods: Affected sib-pairs (ASP) along with unaffected spouse controls are being enrolled and examined in West Africa, with two sites established in Ghana (Accra and Kumasi) and three in Nigeria (Enugu, Ibadan, and Lagos). Eligible participants are invited to study clinics to obtain detailed epidemiologic, family, and medical history information.