Clinicopathological evaluation of Newcastle disease virus vaccination using gums from and as delivery agents in challenged chickens.

Following previous studies on delivery potential and immune response of chickens given Newcastle disease vaccine with gums, this study was conducted to evaluate the protective ability of vaccines delivered with plant gums against clinicopathological features of Newcastle disease (ND). Processed gums from incised trunks of and trees were combined with ND vaccine in ratio 2:2:1 and administered at 21 days to white leghorn cockerels after weaning of maternal antibodies. The birds were grouped into gum-vaccine-oral (GVOR), vaccine-oral (VOR), gum-vaccine-ocular (GVOC), vaccine-ocular (VOC), gum-oral (GOR), gum-ocular (GOC), no-gum-no-vaccine/challenged (NGNV/C), no-gum-no-vaccine/unchallenged (NGNV/U).

Evaluation of immune response in challenged chickens vaccinated with Newcastle disease vaccine using gums from Cedrela odorata and Khaya senegalensis as delivery agents.

Immune response of challenged chickens following previous vaccinations with Newcastle disease vaccine using gums from Cedrela odorata and Khaya senegalensis as delivery agent were evaluated. Two hundred and fifty-two one-day old chickens were divided into vaccine-gum oral (GVOR), vaccine-gum ocular (GVOC), vaccine oral (VOR), vaccine ocular (VOC), gum oral (GOR), gum ocular (GOC), No-gum-no-vaccine/challenged (NGNV/C), and No-gum-no-vaccine/unchallenged (NGNV/U) groups. They were vaccinated at days 21 & 42 and challenged at day 84.

Ex-vivo evaluation of the mucoadhesive properties of Cedrela odorata and Khaya senegalensis gums with possible applications for veterinary vaccine delivery.

Background: Few studies have investigated the interaction of bioadhesives with biologic tissues for veterinary application. Hence, this study evaluates the mucoadhesive property and vaccine delivery properties of polymers from phytogenic origin. Gums from Cedrela odorata and Khaya senegalensis were harvested, purified, dried and compressed into 500 mg tablets individually and in combined ratios.

Sizes and developmental viability of sequentially oviposited eggs of dog ticks: Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Haemaphysalis leachi leachi.

Sizes and developmental viability of sequentially oviposited eggs of up to 12th day oviposition by dog ticks Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Haemaphysalis leachi leachi were studied. The mean length and breadth of eggs oviposited on days 1 and 2 were greater (0.45 +/- 0.

The response of pigs experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei to isometamidium chloride therapy and the relation to nutrition.

Growing pigs were placed on feeds with high (Group A), medium (B) and low (C) dietary energy and were infected with a virulent stock of T. brucei. Eight weeks later, the infected pigs were treated with isometamidium chloride at 1 mg/kg live weight and all pigs were subsequently placed on a high energy diet to investigate their response to therapy.

Studies on ticks of veterinary importance in Nigeria: intrinsic factors influencing oviposition and egg-hatch of Amblyomma variegatum under natural conditions.

During the peak of rains of 1983, 1984 and 1985 in the forest zone of Nigeria, female Amblyomma variegatum engorged to various weights were subjected to different experiments for the purpose of observing the intrinsic factors which influence oviposition and egg-hatch under natural conditions. Two types of oviposition patterns were observed. New terms were introduced to quantify the relationships between the daily weight loss and daily number of eggs oviposited by a tick.

The decline of a Glossina morsitans submorsitans belt in the Egbe area of the derived savanna zone, Kwara State, Nigeria.

In the the early 1970s the Egbe area of Nigeria was known to be one of high trypanosomiasis risk, with four Glossina species G. morsitans submorsitans Newstead, G.longipalpis Wiedemann, G.

The relationship between dietary energy levels and the severity of Trypanosoma brucei infection in growing pigs.

Growing pigs were placed on high, medium and low planes of dietary energy and were infected with a virulent strain of Trypanosoma brucei. During an 8-week period post-infection (p.i.

Anaplasmosis of small ruminants in Nigeria: incidence and parasite identification through blood smear and latex agglutination test (LAT).

A survey was carried out on the incidence of anaplasmosis in small ruminants at Bodija abattoir, Ibadan. 100 sheep and 200 goats were examined using and comparing two methods-the Giemsa stained blood smear and serodiagnosis by Latex Agglutination Technique. The sheep and goats examined were among those brought from various parts of northern states and some neighbouring countries like Chad, Benin, Niger and Burkina Faso.

Human amoebiasis: epidemiological studies at two hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Investigations were conducted into the prevalence rates of Entamoeba histolytica over a five year period in Ibadan, Qyo State of Nigeria. Between 1979 and 1983, 1465 (17.23%) patients out of 8499 people examined at the University of Ibadan Teaching Hospital were positive for the infection.

Epidemiological studies on human trichomoniasis in southwestern Nigeria.

Retrospective study was carried out on the incidence of Trichomoniasis vaginalis infection in Nigeria. Data were obtained from two main hospitals in Ibadan (Adeoyo State Hospital and the University Teaching Hospital) and compared the data were classified and analysed statistically using the chi-square test. The study showed a high yearly incidence of I.

Experimental transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis in laboratory animals and the chemistry of vaginal exudates.

Experimental transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis into laboratory was carried out. The protein and glucose levels of infected vaginal exudates were also investigated. Subcutaneous lesions were produced in the mice with influx of neutrophils and macrophages and sloughing of epidermal parts.

Human amoebiasis: cultivation and experimental transmission in animals.

In vitro cultivation was carried out on an initial strain of Entamoeba histolytica from human source. Dysphasic medium was used and concentrations of horse serum and antibiotic varied in response to developments. Experimental infection of dogs, rabbits and mice was carried.

The developmental viability and sizes of sequentially oviposited eggs of Boophilus decoloratus and Boophilus geigyi.

The viability and sizes of eggs sequentially laid up to the 10th day of oviposition by engorged Boophilus decoloratus and Boophilus geigyi were studied. The average length and breadth of eggs laid on the 1st and 2nd days of oviposition were statistically greater than at subsequent ovipositions. The eclosion periods of eggs laid from 7th to 10th day of oviposition were shorter than those of eggs laid earlier by both Boophilus species.

The prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites and bacteria in the game scouts at the Kainji Lake National Park of Nigeria.

The faeces of twenty scouts working at Borgu games were examined for the presence of parasites and bacteria. Cysts of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas hominis were found. Helminth ova encountered included those of Ancylostoma duodenale, Ascaris lumbricoides, Stronglyloides stercoralis and Trichuris trichiura.

Public health importance of market meat exposed to refuse flies and air-borne microorganisms.

Abbatoir meats sold in the open at the Ibadan market stalls were swabbed to investigate the presence of any microorganism. Flies were caught on carcases being transported from the abbatoir in open vehicles to meat stalls and also at meat stalls and nearby refuse using fly catching nets. Major flies caught were Musca domestica; Culicoides species, Chrysomia and Fannia cannicularis.

Studies on ticks of veterinary importance in Nigeria. XI. Observations on the biology of ticks detached from the red-flanked duiker (Cephamophys rufulatus) and parasites encountered in their blood.

Some aspects of the biology of Amblyomma variegatum and Boophilus decorolatus detached from red-flanked duikers were studied. Smears were also made from the blood of the duikers and examined for the presence of parasites. Anaplasma marginale was the only blood parasite found in the blood smears.

Comparison of blood smear and indirect fluorescent antibody techniques in detection of haemoparasite infections in trade cattle in Nigeria.

The incidence of blood parasites in trade cattle was surveyed with emphasis on tick-borne parasites, using blood smears and immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) techniques. With the blood smear method, about 9 and 8.9% of cattle examined were found positive for Babesia bigemina and Anaplasma marginale, respectively.

Enzyme and bilirubin reactions in bovine babesiosis.

Four white Fulani calves were splenectomized and experimentally infected with Babesia bigemina by allowing about 2000 freshly hatched infective larvae of Boophilus decoloratus to feed on them. Blood samples were collected to determine serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels. A significant rise in the level of alkaline phosphatase for up to two weeks was observed.

Studies on cysticercosis of small ruminants in Nigeria.

1,132 animals (720 goats and 412 sheep) brought to the Ibadan abbatoir within a six month-period were examined during necropsy for the presence of Cysticercus tenuicollis. C. tenuicollis was found in 20.