mTOR inhibitors potentially preserve fertility in female patients with haematopoietic malignancies: a narrative review.

Haematologic malignancies are considered among the more common adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancers. Many female AYA patients with haematopoietic malignancies face impaired fertility. Haematologic malignancies patients tend to be treated with more aggressive systemic chemotherapy than that of solid tumours.

Balancing Fertility Preservation and Treatment Efficacy in (Neo)adjuvant Therapy for Adolescent and Young Adult Breast Cancer Patients: a Narrative Review.

Purpose Of Review: Adolescent and young adult (AYA) breast cancer survivors face a significant risk of infertility due to the gonadotoxic effects of (neo)adjuvant therapy, which complicates their ability to conceive post-treatment. While (neo)adjuvant therapy primarily aims to improve recurrence-free and overall survival, fertility preservation strategies should also be considered for young patients. This narrative review explores recent advancements in fertility preservation techniques, such as oocyte, embryo, and ovarian tissue cryopreservation, and evaluates the feasibility of modifying breast cancer (neo)adjuvant therapy to preserve fertility without compromising survival outcomes.

Duodenal stenosis due to small lymphocele after para-aortic lymphadenectomy: A case report and review of the literature.

Objective: We present an unusual case of a small para-aortic lymphocele causing duodenal stenosis after lymphadenectomy and discuss its treatment.

Case Report: Our case involved a 57-year-old woman with endometrial cancer who underwent surgery, including para-aortic lymphadenectomy. On postoperative day 7, projectile vomiting occurred.

Rapamycin prevents cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian follicular loss and potentially inhibits tumour proliferation in a breast cancer xenograft mouse model.

Study Question: To what extent and via what mechanism does the concomitant administration of rapamycin (a follicle activation pathway inhibitor and antitumour agent) and cyclophosphamide (a highly toxic ovarian anticancer agent) prevent cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian reserve loss and inhibit tumour proliferation in a breast cancer xenograft mouse model?

Summary Answer: Daily concomitant administration of rapamycin and a cyclic regimen of cyclophosphamide, which has sufficient antitumour effects as a single agent, suppressed cyclophosphamide-induced primordial follicle loss by inhibiting primordial follicle activation in a breast cancer xenograft mouse model, suggesting the potential of an additive inhibitory effect against tumour proliferation.

What Is Known Already: Cyclophosphamide stimulates primordial follicles by activating the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, resulting in the accumulation of primary follicles, most of which undergo apoptosis. Rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, regulates primordial follicle activation and exhibits potential inhibitory effects against breast cancer cell proliferation.

Cases of pleural effusion possibly due to clinical pleuroperitoneal communication in the perioperative period of emergency gynecologic surgery: Case series and literature review.

Pleuroperitoneal communication poses a respiratory failure risk due to pleural fluid accumulation with thoracic migration of ascites. Here, we discuss the following cases: Case 1: A woman was diagnosed with a ruptured ovarian tumor with right pleural fluid and ascites, without respiratory failure. Ovarian cystectomy was performed with inadequate removal of ascites.

Locally advanced endometrial cancer with multiple immune-related adverse events coinciding with the complete response to radiotherapy after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: A case report.

We report a case of a 70-year-old female patient with locally advanced endometrial cancer with primary empty sella who developed multiple immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including hypopituitarism coinciding with the complete response to radiotherapy after receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. A computed tomography scan acquired after a traffic accident led to the discovery of endometrial cancer that had invaded the vulva and primary empty sella. Following adriamycin and cisplatin, pembrolizumab was administered for three cycles.

Prevalence, definition, and etiology of cesarean scar defect and treatment of cesarean scar disorder: A narrative review.

Background: Cesarean scar defects (CSD) are caused by cesarean sections and cause various symptoms. Although there has been no previous consensus on the name of this condition for a long time, it has been named cesarean scar disorder (CSDi).

Methods: This review summarizes the definition, prevalence, and etiology of CSD, as well as the pathophysiology and treatment of CSDi.

Endometriosis: Cell Death and Cell Signaling Machinery.

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disorder defined as the deposition and growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, including but not limited to the pelvic peritoneum, rectovaginal septum, and ovaries. Endometriosis is a substantial contributor to pelvic pain and subfertility and has been associated with an increased incidence of certain cancers, including ovarian. Appropriate treatment of endometriosis can reduce morbidity, but generally is used only to address symptoms, since no cure currently exists.

Bovine lactoferrin suppresses inflammatory cytokine expression in endometrial stromal cells in chronic endometritis.

Chronic endometritis (CE) is a type of chronic inflammation in the endometrium that is associated with infertility, which is primarily due to implantation failure. Antibiotics are the most common treatment for CE. However, some patients with CE are resistant to antibiotic treatment, while others refuse this treatment.

The MEK1/2 Pathway as a Therapeutic Target in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma.

High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the deadliest of gynecological cancers due to its high recurrence rate and acquired chemoresistance. RAS/MEK/ERK pathway activation is linked to cell proliferation and therapeutic resistance, but the role of MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway in HGSOC is poorly investigated. We evaluated MEK1/2 pathway activity in clinical HGSOC samples and ovarian cancer cell lines using immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and RT-qPCR.

An abdominal-sacral approach with preoperative embolisation for vulvar solitary fibrous tumour: a case report.

Background: Solitary fibrous tumours (SFTs) in the female genital tract are uncommon. Resection of these tumours is controversial because it can cause life-threatening haemorrhage. We report a case of vulvar SFT that was excised in a combined abdominal-sacral approach after preoperative embolisation.

Premature ovarian insufficiency: pathogenesis and therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell.

Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is defined as a reduction in ovarian function before the expected age of menopause. POI is known to increase the risk of cardiovascular disorders, osteoporosis, cognitive decline, and mood disorders, resulting in a reduced quality of life. Appropriate hormone replacement for premenopausal women decreases these adverse health risks and improves quality of life for women with POI, but does not prolong life expectancy.

How to win the ovarian cancer stem cell battle: destroying the roots.

Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among gynecologic malignancies. The combination of cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy is the standard regimen for the treatment of ovarian cancer. The initial treatment is usually effective, but many patients with ovarian cancer experience recurrence, and treatment options for recurrent disease remain challenging.

Laparoscopic Hysterectomy for Benign Pathology Does Not Yield More Perioperative Complications than Abdominal or Vaginal Hysterectomies: Our Experience in Introducing Laparoscopic Hysterectomy.

Objectives: Total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) is increasing as a substitute for total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) and total vaginal hysterectomy (TVH) with the growing prevalence of laparoscopic surgery. The aim of this study is to assess perioperative complications of the chosen hysterectomy techniques performed for benign indications when started performing TLH. This was retrospective cohort study.

Pregnancy outcomes after hysteroscopic surgery in women with cesarean scar syndrome.

Cesarean scar defect often causes postmenstrual abnormal uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility, which are collectively known as cesarean scar syndrome (CSS). Several studies have reported that hysteroscopic surgery can restore fertility in women with CSS. The study aimed to identify factors that influence subsequent pregnancy following hysteroscopic surgery.

Bevacizumab-associated events in Japanese women with cervical cancer: a multi-institutional survey of Obstetrical Gynecological Society of Kinki district, Japan.

Background: The development of perforations or fistulas in the Gastrointestinal (GI) tract or genitourinary (GU) system is a serious adverse effect of bevacizumab. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidences of these GI/GU events as well as their association with previous radiotherapy (RT) in Japanese women with cervical cancer.

Methods: We conducted a written questionnaire survey among 14 gynecological institutions belonging to the Oncology Research Committee of the Obstetrical and Gynecological Society of Kinki District, Japan.

The expression of hepatoma upregulated protein in human endometrium during the menstrual cycle.

Aims: Human endometrium resists embryo implantation except during the window period. Currently, uterine HURP expression is known to be involved in endometrial stromal proliferation during embryo implantation of mice. Thus, we demonstrated hepatoma up-regulated protein (HURP) expression in the human endometrium during the menstrual cycle, as well as HURP regulation in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs).

Relationship of chronic endometritis with chronic deciduitis in cases of miscarriage.

Background: The presence of chronic deciduitis (CD) was determined in patients diagnosed with or without chronic endometritis (CE) before pregnancy.

Objective: To study the effect of CE on decidua in cases of miscarriage.

Methods: Decidual tissue was obtained from the patients who miscarried at the first pregnancy within a year after the diagnosis of the presence or absence of CE.

Successful conservative treatment for massive uterine bleeding with non-septic disseminated intravascular coagulation after termination of early pregnancy in a woman with huge adenomyosis: case report.

Background: Adenomyosis is a benign gynecological condition in which endometrial tissue or endometrial-like tissue develops within the uterine myometrium. Few cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation has been reported in the patients with adenomyosis. Although hysterectomy is indicated for refractory massive uterine bleeding in the patients with advanced uterine adenomyosis, conservative treatment is often desired in women in the late reproductive age.

Successful para-aortic lymph node dissection for endometrial cancer with horseshoe kidney: A case report and review of the literature.

Horseshoe kidney (HSK) is considered to impede para-aortic lymph node dissection. We report the case of a 54-year-old female patient with endometrial cancer and HSK, treated successfully with para-aortic lymph node dissection, and present literature review regarding vascular abnormalities associated with HSK affecting para-aortic lymph node dissection. Three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction revealed the accessory renal artery, supernumerary renal vein and ventral displacement of the renal pelvis and ureter.