Thought habits and processing modes among Japanese university students do not influence dynamic associations between rumination and negative affect.

The integrated model of rumination argues that two trait factors-negative thinking habits and processing modes-get people stuck in maladaptive rumination. There is little evidence showing whether these factors influence the daily dynamic associations between rumination and negative moods. To address this, in this study, we conducted an experience-sampling method on Japanese university students.

An intervention to promote concrete thinking style in young adults: Effects on depressive symptoms and its protective factors.

Background And Objectives: Individuals with low concreteness-experiential thought (CET) tend to have exacerbated depressive symptoms. Interventions aimed at increasing CET have been shown to influence depressive symptoms. The present study examined the effects of increasing CET on depressive symptoms and its protective factors.

The development and validation of the multidimensional fear-of-injection scale.

Background: Adults and children alike can feel anxious and afraid of needles. As a result, some people avoid necessary medical injections, leading to health problems. Assessing the fear of injections should consider fear factors, avoidance behaviors, and physical symptoms.

Preliminary investigation of the feasibility of a long-term but low-frequency preventive intervention for depression in Japanese high schools.

Aim: We explored the feasibility of a long-term but low-frequency psychological preventive intervention in a high school setting.

Background: High school students may experience depression; psychological interventions to improve social and cognitive skills may be useful to decrease such depression. A long-term but low-frequency intervention may be feasible in this setting because of its minimal time demands and lack of need for specialist human resources DESIGN: We conducted a single-arm longitudinal descriptive study with an intervention applied six times over 2 years in one high school.

[Relationship between Dose Discontinuation or Dose Reduction for Safety Reasons in Clinical Trials and Lower-dose Prescriptions in the Post-marketing Setting].

Dosage of pharmaceuticals is determined and approved based on pivotal clinical trial results in Phase 3. However, in the post-marketing setting, it is often adjusted according to conditions of individual patients. Some pharmaceuticals are used at a lower dose than the approved dose for safety reasons or in elderly patients.

Reduction of fatigue and anger-hostility by the oral administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid phosphate: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study.

Although large populations feel fatigue, the standardized medicinal therapy is currently absent. In this study, we determined whether 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) supplementation alleviates the feeling of fatigue in healthy subjects who feel chronic physical tiredness. Males and females between ages of 20 and 64 who felt physical fatigue on a daily basis, with a visual analogue scale (VAS) for fatigue ≥ 40 mm, a T-score of Fatigue-Inertia in the Profile of Mood States-Second Edition-Adult (POMS2-A) ≥ 50, and a T-score of Vigor-Activity in POMS2-A ≤ 60 were recruited.

Reliability and validity of the Children's Depression Inventory-Japanese version.

Background: Depression has major negative consequences for individuals and society, and psychological assessment tools for early disease detection are needed. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of an updated Japanese version of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI-J) and set a cut-off score for the detection of depression.

Methods: The participants consisted of 465 children and adolescents aged 7-17 years.

Lower-dose prescriptions in the post-marketing situation and the influencing factors thereon.

The dosage of pharmaceuticals is determined through the process of clinical development and approval review based on clinical trial results; however, the information obtained from clinical trials before approval is limited. Some pharmaceutical products are used at doses lower than those approved for post-marketing use. The aim of this study was to reveal the actual state of lower-dose prescriptions for post-marketing clinical use of pharmaceuticals.

Impact of repetitive thought and processing mode on goal striving.

Background And Objectives: Striving to attain personal goals is important for maintaining well-being. Previous research indicates that repetitive thoughts can influence the affect and cognition associated with personal goal strivings. Repetitive thought in the concrete-experiential processing mode improves affect and cognition after a negative event more than does repetitive thought in the abstract-analytic processing mode.

Enduring effects of a 5-week behavioral activation program for subthreshold depression among late adolescents: an exploratory randomized controlled trial.

Background: No significant effect of psychological treatment has been reported from meta-analysis of subthreshold depression patients and control subjects at 1-year follow-up. However, behavioral activation is a simpler and more cost-effective treatment than cognitive behavioral therapy. The primary purpose of this study was to assess by comparison to an assessment-only control group whether the effects of behavioral activation program for depressive symptoms can persist up to 1-year follow-up without the use of antidepressants or other psychotherapy.

Behavioral activation for late adolescents with subthreshold depression: a randomized controlled trial.

The main behavioral characteristic of subthreshold depression that is observed in adolescents is the low frequency of exposure to environmental rewards. Therefore, it was considered that a simple intervention conducted in short sessions, focusing on increasing access to positively reinforcing activities, would be efficacious in increasing the availability of rewards. We conduct a randomized controlled trial to examine the efficacy of such a behavioral activation program that was conducted weekly for 5 weeks in 60-min sessions.

Mechanisms of behavioral activation for late adolescents: Positive reinforcement mediate the relationship between activation and depressive symptoms from pre-treatment to post-treatment.

Background: It is suggested that there is some support for notion that frequency of activity can lead to improved mood in behavioral activation, but this research is relatively imprecise. We investigated whether positive reinforcement mediates the relationship between activation and alleviation of depressive symptoms

Methods: Late adolescents with sub-threshold depressive symptoms participated in the study. We conducted an intervention using behavioral activation with the participants.

A comprehensive study of the distressing experiences and support needs of parents of children with intractable cancer.

Objective: The primary endpoints of this study were: (1) to explore the distressing experiences of parents of patients with intractable pediatric cancer in Japan from disclosure of poor prognosis to the present and (2) to explore support they regarded as necessary.

Methods: A multi-center questionnaire survey was conducted that included 135 bereaved parents of patients with pediatric cancer in Japan.

Results: The top five distressing experiences shared by over half of the bereaved parents were: 'Realize that the child's disease was getting worse' (96.

Psychosocial difficulties in adolescent and young adult survivors of childhood cancer.

Background: With a large number of children surviving cancer worldwide, numerous investigations have assessed psychological and social adjustment among childhood cancer survivors. According to these studies, it is unclear whether childhood cancer survivors successfully adjust to daily life after being discharged from hospital, especially for adolescent and young adult survivors who have unique needs and concerns. The primary aim of this study was to identify the factors underlying psychosocial difficulties faced by adolescent and young adult survivors in their day-to-day lives after being discharged from hospital.

Behavioral characteristics of subthreshold depression.

Background: This study examines differences in behavioral characteristics among individuals who are not depressed and individuals with subthreshold depression, and depression.

Methods: We conducted structured interviews with 111 undergraduate students, who also completed self-report scales. The participants were divided into a non-depression group, a subthreshold depression group, and a depression group based on results of the structured interview and the BDI-II.

Effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing self-stigma in Japanese psychiatric patients.

Objective: There is evidence that the stigma surrounding mental illness may be greater in Japan than elsewhere. However, few Japanese studies have focused on self-stigma (the internalization of social stigma), and few interventions to reduce self-stigma exist. To remedy this deficiency, we evaluated the efficacy of group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in reducing self-stigma and examined the relationship between cognitive restructuring and self-stigma.

Long-term effects of a universal prevention program for depression in children: a 3-year follow-up study.

Background: The present study evaluates the long-term effects of a universal prevention approach for depression in children. It looks into the 2- and 3-year follow-ups of previously reported postintervention and 1-year outcomes.

Method: One hundred and eighty-nine 3rd grade (8-9 years old) children participated in a five-session, school-based, universal prevention program designed to encourage social skills and peer support.

Psychological distress related to patterns of family functioning among Japanese childhood cancer survivors and their parents.

Objective: Family functioning appears to be a predictor of psychological distress among childhood cancer survivors and their family members; however, relatively little is known about patterns in those families that are psychologically at-risk. The purpose of this study was to identify distinct clusters of families that include childhood cancer survivors, and to evaluate differences between the clusters with respect to anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS).

Methods: Childhood cancer survivors and their parents (247 individuals: 88 adolescent cancer survivors, 87 mothers, and 72 fathers) completed self-report questionnaires.

A qualitative study of decision-making by breast cancer patients about telling their children about their illness.

Objective: Many breast cancer patients are troubled about telling their school-age children about their illness. However, little attention has been paid to the factors that encourage or discourage them from revealing the illness. This study explored decision-making by breast cancer patients about telling their children about their illness.

Factors related to posttraumatic stress in adolescent survivors of childhood cancer and their parents.

Goals Of Work: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors related to severe posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in adolescent survivors of childhood cancer and their parents.

Materials And Methods: Eighty-nine families (88 adolescent survivors of childhood cancer, 87 mothers, 72 fathers) completed a self-report questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed using the following risk factors for severe PTSS: trait anxiety, family functioning, demographic and medical variables.

Improved method of the MALDI-TOF analysis of DNA with nanodot sample target plate.

We report a new sample target plate for MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry made of SiO2 with 30 nm Pt dots for which a highly reproducible and improved DNA analysis was achieved.

[Creation and usefulness of the "drug information card" for support of dispensing].

We placed a "drug information card" on each medication shelf to assist dispensing by pharmacists, education of students, and risk management of pharmaceutical practices at the Department of Pharmacy, University of Tokyo Hospital. To provide appropriate information items on the drug information cards, we conducted questionnaire survey of 41 pharmacists on the utility of the cards and reviewed questions received from medical staff in the drug information section in our hospital. Based on the results of these investigations, "usage and dosage," "interactions," "contraindications," "product name," and "effects" were printed as basic information items on the drug information cards.