The impact of ICOS regulatory T cells and Helicobacter pylori infection on the prognosis of patients with gastric and colorectal cancer: potential prognostic benefit of pre-operative eradication therapy.

It remains unclear whether Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a major cause of gastric cancer (GC), is involved in other intestinal cancers. In our previous study, ICOS Foxp3 CD4 T cells (ICOS Tregs) in GC tumors were identified as effector Tregs and associated with H.

Tumour grade significantly correlates with total dysfunction of tumour tissue-infiltrating lymphocytes in renal cell carcinoma.

It is important to evaluate the clinical importance of both CD8 T cells and CD4 T cells expression simultaneously because they have crucial networks in tumour targeting immune responses. In 97 RCC patients, RNA sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis of both CD8 and CD4 T cells based on the expression levels of PD-1 and TIM-3 implied that the populations of PD-1+TIM-3+ CD8 T cells and PD-1lowTIM-3 + CD4 T cells were characterized as exhausted CD8 T cells and regulatory CD4 T cells, respectively. These populations of CD4 and CD8 T cells were significantly upregulated in the patients with RCC of higher WHO/ISUP grade (grades 3, 4) (P < 0.

Docetaxel Upregulates HMGB1 Levels in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) exert beneficial effects in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, ICIs are only advantageous for a limited population of NSCLC patients. Therefore to enhance their effects, combination therapies with ICIs have been developed.

PD-1+ Tim3+ tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells sustain the potential for IFN-γ production, but lose cytotoxic activity in ovarian cancer.

Persistent exposure to tumor antigens results in exhausted tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs) that express the immune checkpoint molecules, PD-1 and Tim3, and lack anti-tumor immunity. To examine the exhausted status of TILs in ovarian cancer, the potential for cytokine production, proliferation and cytotoxicity by purified PD-1+ Tim3+ CD8 TILs was assessed. The production of IFN-γ and TNF-α by PD-1+ Tim3+ CD8 TILs remained the same in an intracellular cytokine staining assay and was higher in a cytokine catch assay than that by PD-1- Tim3- and PD-1+ Tim3- CD8 TILs.

Clinical importance of the expression of CD4+CD8+ T cells in renal cell carcinoma.

Objective: CD4+CD8+ T cells are expressed in some cancer patients including those with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, no reports have mentioned the clinical importance of this expression. We evaluated the expression of CD4+CD8+ T cells in patients with various cancer types to clarify clinical characteristics and prognostic importance significantly correlating with these T cells.

Peri-operative monocyte count is a marker of poor prognosis in gastric cancer: increased monocytes are a characteristic of myeloid-derived suppressor cells.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the most common malignant tumor in digestive organs, and the prognosis of GC patients who have undergone surgery remains poor because of frequent recurrence. Therefore, the identification of new markers to predict the outcome of these patients is needed. Monocyte count is a negative prognostic factor associated with inflammation.

Peripheral T cell cytotoxicity predicts T cell function in the tumor microenvironment.

Cancer immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, exerts beneficial effects in cancer patients. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors are only advantageous for a limited population of cancer patients. Therefore, companion diagnostics are needed in order to identify patients for whom these therapies are effective.

Phenotypic Analysis of Tumor Tissue-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Tumor Microenvironment of Bladder Cancer and Upper Urinary Tract Carcinoma.

Background: There are no previous reports directly evaluating immunologic conditions in tumor microenvironment including both bladder cancer (BCa) and upper urinary tract carcinoma (UTUC). In this study, we aimed to clarify the difference of immunity status and its clinical significance depending on the tumor site in urothelial carcinoma.

Patients And Methods: Tumor tissue-infiltrating lymphocytes were extracted from 70 urothelial cancer patients who underwent surgical resection (52 cases of BCa and 18 cases of UTUC).

Increased Tim-3 T cells in PBMCs during nivolumab therapy correlate with responses and prognosis of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients.

The recent development of immune checkpoint inhibitors for many types of cancers has prompted us to identify markers that predict patients with clinical benefits. Several trials on nivolumab for the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have been performed worldwide, and the identification of markers specific to ESCC is urgently needed. We conducted a clinical trial on nivolumab for advanced ESCC (JapicCTI-No.

Immunological classification of renal cell carcinoma patients based on phenotypic analysis of immune check-point molecules.

Objectives: To clarify comprehensive immunological signature patterns of tumour tissue-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with renal cell carcinoma and show its clinical significance.

Materials And Methods: We investigated the surface marker expressions of tumour tissue-infiltrating lymphocytes quantitatively and classified them based on their functional populations. We extracted 109 sets of tumour tissue-infiltrating lymphocytes from 80 patients who underwent surgical resection of renal cell carcinoma, of which 44 tumour tissue-infiltrating lymphocytes were multiply extracted from 15 patients.

NY-ESO-1 Protein Cancer Vaccine With Poly-ICLC and OK-432: Rapid and Strong Induction of NY-ESO-1-specific Immune Responses by Poly-ICLC.

We conducted a clinical trial of a cancer vaccine using NY-ESO-1 protein with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid-poly-L-lysine carboxymethylcellulose (poly-ICLC) and/or OK-432 against solid tumors. A total of 15 patients were sequentially enrolled in 4 cohorts. Patients in cohort 1 received NY-ESO-1 protein; cohort 2a received NY-ESO-1 protein+OK-432; cohort 2b received NY-ESO-1 protein+poly-ICLC; cohort 3 received NY-ESO-1 protein+OK-432+poly-ICLC with Montanide ISA-51.

ICOS Foxp3 TILs in gastric cancer are prognostic markers and effector regulatory T cells associated with Helicobacter pylori.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have an immunosuppressive role in the tumor microenvironment. Since effector Tregs (eTregs), which have highly suppressive functions, are located in a subpopulation of Foxp3 CD4 Tregs, the TCR-inducible costimulatory receptor (ICOS) was applied as a marker of eTregs that infiltrated gastric cancer tissue and the induction pathway of ICOS Foxp3 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. In tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), ICOS Foxp3 CD4 T cells were abundantly observed in the late stages of gastric cancer.