Presence of serum RalA and serum p53 autoantibodies in 1833 patients with various types of cancers.

Background: RalA is a member of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases. The Anti-RalA autoantibodies (s-RalA-Abs) act as tumor markers in various types of cancer and are negatively associated with the p53 autoantibodies (s-p53-Abs). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between s-RalA-Abs and s-p53-Abs in various types of cancer.

Prevalence of serum galectin-1 autoantibodies in seven types of cancer: A potential biomarker.

Although serum galectin-1 antibodies (s-GAL-1-Abs) have been evaluated in a small number of patients with cancer, a large series of patients with different cancer types have not been reported. The current study evaluated 1,833 patients with esophageal cancer (n=172), gastric cancer (n=317), colorectal cancer (n=262), hepatocellular carcinoma (n=91), prostate cancer (n=358), breast cancer (n=364), lung cancer (n=269) and 72 healthy individuals. s-GAL-1-Abs levels were analyzed using an originally developed ELISA system.

Multipanel assay of 17 tumor-associated antibodies for serological detection of stage 0/I breast cancer.

Because the production of tumor-associated antibodies (TAA) is a humoral immune response in cancer patients, serum autoantibodies may be detected even in patients with early-stage tumors. Seventeen recombinant proteins with tags in Escherichia coli (p53, RalA, p90, NY-ESO-1, HSP70, c-myc, galectin-1, Sui1, KN-HN-1, HSP40, PrxVI, p62, cyclin B1, HCC-22-5, annexin II, HCA25a, and HER2) were applied as capturing antigens in sandwich ELISA to measure serum IgG levels. Sera from 73 healthy donors and 386 patients with breast cancer, including 182 stage 0/I patients, were evaluated using cutoff values for each TAA equal to the mean +3 SD of the serum levels of healthy controls.

Possible predictive significance of serum RalA autoantibodies on relapse-free survival in patients with colorectal cancer.

RalA protein, a member of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases, is a tumor antigen that induces serum RalA antibodies (s-RalA-Abs). The present study explored the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of s-RalA-Abs in patients with colorectal cancer. Serum samples were obtained from 314 patients with colorectal cancer at stage 0/I (n=71), stage II (n=86), stage III (n=78), stage IV (n=64) and recurrence (n=15).

Inducing multiple antibodies to treat squamous cell esophageal carcinoma.

Background: The positive response and the clinical usefulness of 14 serum antibodies in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) were examined in this study. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used to investigate the frequency of gene expressions, mutations, and amplification of these 14 antigens and also the possible effects of antibody induction.

Methods: Blood serum derived from 85 patients with ESCC was collected and analyzed for the 14 antibodies using ELISA.

Multi-panel assay of serum autoantibodies in colorectal cancer.

Background: Although serum p53 autoantibodies (s-p53-Abs) are induced even in the early stages of colorectal cancer, their positive rate is only approximately 20%. Therefore, we assessed the possibility of using other serum autoantibodies to increase the positive rates for detecting colorectal cancer.

Methods: Autoantibodies against 17 tumor antigens (p53, RalA, HSP70, Galectin1, KM-HN-1, NY-ESO-1, p90, Sui1, HSP40, CyclinB1, HCC-22-5, c-myc, PrxVI, VEGF, HCA25a, p62, and Annexin II) were evaluated in 279 patients with colorectal cancer and 74 healthy controls.

Panel of autoantibodies against multiple tumor-associated antigens for detecting gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the world, and effective diagnosis is extremely important for good outcome. We assessed the diagnostic potential of an autoantibody panel that may provide a novel tool for the early detection of gastric cancer. We analyzed data from patients with gastric cancer and normal controls in test and validation cohorts.

Clinical Utility of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detecting Anti-Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Gene 5 Autoantibodies.

Objective: Autoantibodies to melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) are specifically expressed in patients with dermatomyositis (DM) and are associated with a subset of DM patients with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD). Here, we examined the clinical utility of a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system for detecting these antibodies.

Methods: Here we developed an improved ELISA for detecting anti-MDA5 antibodies.

NY-ESO-1 autoantibody as a tumor-specific biomarker for esophageal cancer: screening in 1969 patients with various cancers.

Background: Although serum NY-ESO-1 antibodies (s-NY-ESO-1-Abs) have been reported in patients with esophageal carcinoma, this assay system has not been used to study a large series of patients with various other cancers.

Patients And Methods: Serum samples of 1969 cancer patients [esophageal cancer (n = 172), lung cancer (n = 269), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 91), prostate cancer (n = 358), gastric cancer (n = 313), colorectal cancer (n = 262), breast cancer (n = 365)] and 74 healthy individuals were analyzed using an originally developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system for s-NY-ESO-1-Abs. The optical density cut-off value, determined as the mean plus three standard deviations for serum samples from the healthy controls, was fixed at 0.

The histone deacetylase inhibitor butyrate inhibits melanoma cell invasion of Matrigel.

Background: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have anticancer effects. Their effects on expression of cell adhesion molecules might be related to their effects on tumor cell invasion.

Materials And Methods: Murine B16-BL6 cells were treated with the HDAC inhibitors, butyrate or trichostatin A.

The short chain fatty acid, butyrate, stimulates MUC2 mucin production in the human colon cancer cell line, LS174T.

The short fatty acid, butyrate, which is produced by intestinal anaerobic bacteria in the colon, has inhibitory activity on histone deacetylases (HDACs). Treatment of the human colon cancer cell line, LS174T, with 1-2 mM sodium butyrate stimulated MUC2 mucin production, as determined by histological PAS staining of carbohydrate chains of mucin, and confirmed at the protein and mRNA levels by immunoblotting with anti-MUC2 antibody and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. Increases in acetylated histone H3 in the LS174T cells treated with butyrate suggest inhibition of HDACs in these cells.