Challenges in the diagnosis of the enigmatic primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma: two case reports and review of the literature.

Background: Primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma is a rare and aggressive mesenchymal tumor derived from the smooth muscle wall of a central adrenal vein or its tributaries; therefore, tumors tend to invade the inferior vena cava and cause thrombosis. The great majority of tumors grow rapidly, which makes the disease difficult to diagnose in its early clinical stages and needs differentiation from adrenocortical carcinomas for the selection of chemotherapy including mitotane which causes adrenal insufficiency.

Case Presentation: We presented two patients with adrenal leiomyosarcoma who were referred to our hospital with abdominal pain and harboring large adrenal tumors and inferior vena cava thrombosis.

Which is More Effective and Safer? Comparison of Propensity Score-Matched Microhook Ab Interno Trabeculotomy and iStent Inject.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the surgical outcomes between ab interno trabeculotomy (LOT) and iStent inject W implantation (iStent) both combined with cataract surgery, matching the background factors including age, intraocular pressure (IOP), medication score, central corneal thickness (CCT), and axial length.

Methods: A total of 100 eyes from 75/79 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma were included in the LOT/iStent groups. The background factors were matched between the two groups using the propensity score.

A case of two connected stents deployed during iStent inject W surgery.

Background: We report a case with two connected stents ejected simultaneously during an iStent inject W surgery, a modified second-generation iStent Trabecular Micro-Bypass System.

Case Presentation: A 57-year-old woman with primary open-angle glaucoma underwent a combined cataract and iStent inject W surgery in her left eye. After the trabecular meshwork/Schlemm's canal was pierced by the trocar of injector, the delivery button was pressed a first time, but the stent was not ejected.

Intra-operative challenges encountered using the zepto nano-pulse precision capsulotomy device.

Purpose: The Zepto nano-pulse precision capsulotomy is a novel device for capsulorhexis formation during cataract surgery. Few complications or challenges have been reported while using this device. The purpose of this paper is to highlight two intra-operative challenges that were encountered while using the Zepto device.

Antihypertensive Effects of Esaxerenone in Older Patients with Primary Aldosteronism.

Design: Retrospective cohort study. . The data was obtained from a total of 87 PA patients treated with esaxerenone.

Surgical Results of Trabeculectomy among Groups Stratified by Prostaglandin-Associated Periorbitopathy Severity.

Purpose: To report the role of prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy (PAP) severity in the surgical effectiveness of trabeculectomy (LEC).

Design: Retrospective observational case series.

Participants: A total of 139 consecutive eyes of 139 Japanese subjects (74 men, 65 women; mean age ± standard deviation, 65.

Roles of Toric intraocular Lens implantation on visual acuity and astigmatism in glaucomatous eyes treated with iStent and cataract surgery.

Background: To assess the efficacy of toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) in combined cataract and minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS), visual and refractive outcomes were compared between eyes implanted with non-toric and toric IOLs during iStent triple procedures.

Methods: In this retrospective study, open angle glaucoma eyes with preexisting corneal astigmatism of -1.5 diopter (D) or more and implanted with non-toric (n = 9) or toric (n = 9) IOLs were included.

Isolated traumatic aniridia with full and partial iris expulsion in pseudophakic eyes.

Background: Total aniridia after ocular trauma without disruption of the intraocular lens (IOL) has been reported in patients with a history of small-incisional cataract surgery. We report one case each of total and partial aniridia after accidental falls experienced by two elderly Japanese women.

Case Presentations: Case 1.

Clinical Usefulness of the Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptide-2 Test for Hypothalamic-Pituitary Disorder.

Context: Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) develops early in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disorder and is frequently accompanied by other anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies, including secondary adrenal insufficiency (AI). A growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 (GHRP2) test, which is widely used for the diagnosis of patients with GHD, is thought to induce release of not only growth hormone (GH) but also ACTH. However, its clinical usefulness in hypothalamic-pituitary disorder is unclear.

Visible Blood Flow in a Case of Rubeosis Iridis.

A 72-year-old Japanese woman presented to our hospital with decreased vision. At the initial visit, her best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in her right eye (OD) were 0.02 and 36 mm Hg, respectively.

Comparison of Postoperative Hyphemas between Microhook Ab Interno Trabeculotomy and iStent Using a New Hyphema Scoring System.

We have been using our in-house scoring system of hyphemas, i.e., Shimane University RLC postoperative hyphema scoring system (SU-RLC), which we designed to classify postoperative hyphema.

Proposal of a simple grading system integrating cosmetic and tonometric aspects of prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy.

The distribution of prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy (PAP) graded using the Shimane University PAP Grading System (SU-PAP) among glaucoma/ocular hypertension subjects using a topical FP or EP2 receptor agonist was reported. A 460 consecutive 460 Japanese subjects (211 men, 249 women; mean age ± standard deviation, 69.9 ± 14.

Bilateral Optic Disc Swelling with Preserved Visual Function Associated with Giant Cell Arteritis.

A 68-year-old Japanese man was introduced to our hospital for optic disc swelling (ODS) in his both eyes (OU). Other than floaters in his right eye, he did not report any symptoms including blurred vision, visual field defect, and ocular pain. Light reflex was prompt and complete OU, and critical flicker frequency was within the normal range OU.

ICAM1-Negative Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Pituitary Gland: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Objective: Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare and aggressive type of B-cell lymphoma with large cells growing within the lumen of blood vessels. Although previous reports revealed highly variable symptoms resulting from small-vessel occlusion by neoplastic cells in a variety of organs, there are few reports of IVLBCL with pituitary involvement.

Method: We present a case of IVLBCL with pituitary infiltration from our institution together with a literature review of similar cases to better understand this rare case of IVLBCL involving the pituitary gland.

Conjunctival Chemosis and Annular Ciliochoroidal Detachments Detected by Anterior-Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in a Case of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

A 61-year-old Japanese woman presented to our hospital for treatment of systemic serositis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). At the initial ophthalmologic examination, her best-corrected visual acuity was 1.2 and 0.

Characteristics of benign adrenocortical adenomas with 18F-FDG PET accumulation.

Introduction: Although 18F-FDG PET was originally developed to evaluate benign and malignant tumors, the frequency of detection of benign adrenocortical adenomas showing FDG-PET accumulation has increased. However, the details of FDG-PET-accumulated benign adrenocortical adenomas have not been elucidated.

Methods: To elucidate the pathophysiology of FDG-PET-positive cortisol-producing adrenal tumors, we performed clinicopathological and genetic analyses of adrenocortical adenomas examing FDG-PET in 30 operated patients with unilateral cortisol-producing adrenal tumors (26 adrenal adenomas and 4 adrenal cancers).