Burden of congenital hemophilia A requiring treatment in Japan: The HIKOBOSHI study.

Background: Treatment of congenital hemophilia A (HA) in Japan has greatly improved with the widespread adoption of prophylactic factor (F)VIII concentrates. However, it is unknown if this has translated into a real-world reduction in disease and treatment burden.

Objectives: To describe HA disease burden in Japan based on information from two medical information databases, JMDC and Real World Data Co.

AKATSUKI study: a prospective, multicentre, phase IV study evaluating the safety of emicizumab under and immediately after immune tolerance induction therapy in persons with congenital haemophilia A with factor VIII inhibitors.

Introduction: For persons with haemophilia A with factor (F) VIII inhibitors (PwHAwI), immune tolerance induction (ITI) therapy is indicated for inhibitor eradication; however, since PwHAwI on ITI were excluded from the emicizumab clinical development programme, there are limited safety data for emicizumab treatment under/immediately after ITI in PwHAwI. Accordingly, there is a need to collect safety and efficacy data on this concomitant treatment strategy. The AKATSUKI study aims to evaluate the safety of emicizumab under/immediately after ITI in PwHAwI; here we report details of the study protocol.

Investigation of Spatial Clustering of Biliary Tract Cancer Incidence in Osaka, Japan: Neighborhood Effect of a Printing Factory.

Background: In 2013, an unusually high incidence of biliary tract cancer among current or former workers of the offset color proof printing department of a printing company in Osaka, Japan, was reported. The purpose of this study was to examine whether distance from the printing factory was associated with incidence of biliary tract cancer and whether incident biliary tract cancer cases clustered around the printing factory in Osaka using population-based cancer registry data.

Methods: We estimated the age-standardized incidence ratio of biliary tract cancer according to distance from this printing factory.

Comparison of survival of adolescents and young adults with hematologic malignancies in Osaka, Japan.

The survival gap between adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with hematological malignancies persists in many countries. To determine to what extent it does in Japan, we investigated survival and treatment regimens in 211 Japanese AYAs (15-29 years) in the Osaka Cancer Registry diagnosed during 2001-2005 with hematological malignancies, and compared adolescents (15-19 years) with young adults (20-29 years). AYAs with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) had a poor 5-year survival (44%), particularly young adults (29% vs.

Effects of the Cessation of Mass Screening for Neuroblastoma at 6 Months of Age: A Population-Based Study in Osaka, Japan.

Background: In 2004, the Japanese government halted the 6-month mass screening program for neuroblastoma. We investigated whether its cessation had led to an increase not only in mortality due to this disease but also in the incidence of advanced-stage disease among older children.

Methods: Study subjects were neuroblastoma patients retrieved from the population-based Osaka Cancer Registry.

Joint and independent effect of alcohol and tobacco use on the risk of subsequent cancer incidence among cancer survivors: A cohort study using cancer registries.

Drinking alcohol and smoking tobacco are major modifiable risk factors for cancer. However, little is known about whether these modifiable factors of cancer survivors are associated with subsequent primary cancer (SPC) incidence, regardless of the first cancer sites. 27,762 eligible cancer survivors diagnosed between 1985 and 2007 were investigated for SPC until the end of 2008, using hospital-based and population-based cancer registries.

Advance and stagnation in the treatment of patients with lymphoma and myeloma: Analysis using population-based cancer registry data in Japan from 1993 to 2006.

There have been significant advances in the treatment of patients with lymphoma and myeloma. Although the improvements in survival outcome have been clearly addressed by clinical trials, these studies includes patients who are otherwise healthy and would be eligible for trials that the actual improvement in survival in the general patient population over time is yet to be elucidated. Therefore, we reviewed the cancer-registry data of patients with lymphoma and myeloma in Japan from 1993 to 2006 and estimated relative survival (adjusted for competing causes of death in same-age members of the general population) according to three periods of diagnosis (1993-1997, 1998-2002 and 2003-2006).

An updated report on the trends in cancer incidence and mortality in Japan, 1958-2013.

The analysis of cancer trends in Japan requires periodic updating. Herein, we present a comprehensive report on the trends in cancer incidence and mortality in Japan using recent population-based data. National cancer mortality data between 1958 and 2013 were obtained from published vital statistics.

Long-term survival and conditional survival of cancer patients in Japan using population-based cancer registry data.

Although we usually report 5-year cancer survival using population-based cancer registry data, nowadays many cancer patients survive longer and need to be followed-up for more than 5 years. Long-term cancer survival figures are scarce in Japan. Here we report 10-year cancer survival and conditional survival using an established statistical approach.

Socioeconomic inequalities in cancer survival: a population-based study of adult patients diagnosed in Osaka, Japan, during the period 1993-2004.

Background: Long-term recession of the Japanese economy during the 1990s led to growing social inequalities whilst health inequalities also appeared. The 2007 National Cancer Control Program of Japan targeted "equalisation of cancer medical services", but the system to monitor health inequalities was still inadequate. We aimed to measure socioeconomic inequalities in cancer survival in Japan.

Complete workplace indoor smoking ban and smoking behavior among male workers and female nonsmoking workers' husbands: a pseudo cohort study of Japanese public workers.

A pseudo cohort study using national cross-sections (2001, 2004, 2007, and 2010) was conducted to examine differences in smoking prevalence under different smoking ban policies such as a complete workplace indoor smoking ban (early or recent implementation) and a partial smoking ban among male public workers and husbands of female nonsmoking public workers. The effectiveness of smoking bans was estimated by difference-in-differences (DID) with age group stratification. The results varied considerably by age and implementation period.

Short-term projection of cancer incidence in Japan using an age-period interaction model with spline smoothing.

Objective: In Japan, population-based cancer incidence data are reported several years behind the latest year of cancer mortality data. To bridge this gap, we aimed to determine a short-term projection method for cancer incidence.

Methods: Data between 1985 and 2007 were obtained from the population-based cancer registries in four prefectures (Miyagi, Yamagata, Fukui and Nagasaki).

Descriptive epidemiology of bile duct carcinoma in Osaka.

Objective: An outbreak of bile duct carcinoma has been reported among workers in a certain printing company in Osaka, Japan, where there was no descriptive epidemiological study. We conducted descriptive studies of bile duct carcinoma in Osaka.

Methods: Based on the data from the Osaka Cancer Registry, the incidence and survival rate of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas, gallbladder carcinomas and hepatocellular carcinomas were analyzed.

Conditional survival for longer-term survivors from 2000-2004 using population-based cancer registry data in Osaka, Japan.

Background: We usually report five-year survival from population-based cancer registries in Japan; however these survival estimates may be pessimistic for cancer survivors, because many patients with unfavourable prognosis die shortly after diagnosis. Conditional survival can provide relevant information for cancer survivors, their family and oncologists.

Methods: We used the period approach to estimate the latest 10-year survival of 38,439 patients with stomach, colorectal, lung, breast and prostate cancer diagnosed between 1990 and 2004 and followed-up from 2000-04 in Osaka, Japan.

Incidence of soft tissue sarcoma focusing on gastrointestinal stromal sarcoma in Osaka, Japan, during 1978-2007.

To clarify the incidence of soft tissue sarcoma and gastrointestinal stromal sarcoma in Osaka, Japan, we analyzed Osaka Cancer Registry's data. We identified a total of 6998 cases, except for those of bones and joints, during 1978-2007. The age-adjusted incidence rate of those sarcomas was 2.

An updated report of the trends in cancer incidence and mortality in Japan.

Objective: The analysis of cancer trends in Japan has only been sporadically reported. We present a comprehensive report on the trends in cancer incidence and mortality in Japan using the most recent population-based data.

Methods: National cancer mortality data between 1958 and 2011 were obtained from published vital statistics.

Does removal of out-of-pocket costs for cervical and breast cancer screening work? A quasi-experimental study to evaluate the impact on attendance, attendance inequality and average cost per uptake of a Japanese government intervention.

Reducing out-of-pocket costs is known to improve mammography attendance, but an evidence gap remains concerning Pap smear testing. The Japanese government implemented a politically determined intervention to remove out-of-pocket costs for Pap smear tests and mammography attendance, costing US$148 million, in 2009. It targeted women when they reached the first year of a 5-year age group (i.

Trends in 'cure' fraction from colorectal cancer by age and tumour stage between 1975 and 2000, using population-based data, Osaka, Japan.

Since the 1960s, Japan has experienced a striking increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer, now the second most common cancer in the country. Meanwhile, the management of colorectal cancer has changed dramatically with the implementation of, for example, screening, endoscopy and adjuvant chemotherapy. It is therefore of interest to monitor the long-term trends in population 'cure' in Japan.

Incidence of metachronous second primary cancers in Osaka, Japan: update of analyses using population-based cancer registry data.

Cancer survivors are at excess risk of developing second primary cancers, but the precise level of risk in Japanese patients is not known. To investigate the risk of survivors developing second primary cancers, we conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Osaka Cancer Registry. The study subjects comprised all reported patients aged 0-79 years who were first diagnosed with cancer between 1985 and 2004 in Osaka and who survived for at least 3 months, followed-up through to December 2005.

Role of age and tumour stage in the temporal pattern of 'cure' from stomach cancer: a population-based study in Osaka, Japan.

Objectives: To evaluate progress in stomach cancer care in Japan since 1975.

Design: Population-based study of data extracted from the Osaka Cancer Registry.

Setting: Population-based cancer registry in the area of Osaka Prefecture.

Trend analysis of cancer incidence in Japan using data from selected population-based cancer registries.

Population-based cancer registries are operated by over 80% of prefectures in Japan. However, only a limited proportion of the registries can provide long-term incidence data. Here, we aimed to establish a method for monitoring cancer incidence trends in Japan using data from selected prefectures.

Comparison of trends in cancer incidence and mortality in Osaka, Japan, using an age-period-cohort model.

Background: We aimed to estimate the effects of age, period and birth cohort on trends in cancer incidence and death for all sites and selected sites of cancer in Osaka using an age-period-cohort model.

Methods: Cancer incidence data during 1968-2003 were obtained from the Osaka Cancer Registry, and cancer mortality with population data in Osaka during 1968-2007 were obtained from vital statistics departments. We estimated age, period and birth cohort effects for incidence and mortality using Nakamura's Bayesian Poisson age-period-cohort model.

Trends of stomach cancer mortality in Eastern Asia in 1950-2004: comparative study of Japan, Hong Kong and Singapore using age, period and cohort analysis.

To characterize the temporal trends of stomach cancer mortality in Eastern Asia and to better interpret the causes of the trends, we performed age, period and cohort analysis (APC analysis) on the mortality rates in Japan, Hong Kong and Singapore during 1950-2004, as well as the rates in the US as a control population. For the APC analysis, Holford's approach was used to avoid the identification problem. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) decreased consistently in all four areas during the observation period in both males and females.